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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Buenas tardes, <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Micha</st1:PersonName>el,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Well, if we have “biological” mother, then we can have “spiritual”
mother.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>I was thinking of a female historical
figure who was both “First Lady” and “spiritual mother”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>(mother of the nation) and thought of
Evita Perón. One thing is to tag on a modifier, another is to attach new
meanings to a base word or redefine it or “embiggen” it (to use the
new term submitted to the list today).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Shall we discuss “mother-in-law”
next? ;-)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Fritz<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div style='float:left;z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Fritz,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> I think the problem is one of a basic word - mother. Any
differences, like foster, step etc are tagged on to the word in English. What
is happening here is that the word itself is nowmodified by
"biological" and thus it is not the base word just another variant.
It is rather like a company that manufactures plastic trees talking about
plastic tress and wooden trees. !<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Micha</span></font></st1:PersonName>el<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Fritz Goerling
<Fritz_Goerling@<wbr>sil.org></span></i></b> escribió:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;
margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><!-- Network content --><!-- Network content --><ST1>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Micha</span></font></st1:PersonName><font
color=black><span style='color:black'></ST1>el,</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<O></O></div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial size!=3><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O></O>I am interested
in the question to what extent language shapes (our perception of) society or
the other way round. That is the old Sapir-Whorff hypothesis. I agree with the
word “to shape”, but would reject a stronger word like “to
determine.” How far can language- engineering go, what power do
dictionary-makers or politicians have to impose language use?<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O></O>Your example of “madre
biológica” makes me think about what is a prototypical “mother.”<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>What is evoked in our mind by the
stimulus “mother?” I think it is universally valid that the mother
is sacred. From the religious point of view, Jews, Christians and Muslims might
think of “Eve”? For some it is “Mary”? Adherents of
non-monotheistic faiths or atheists might have other ideas of an Über-mother.<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>If we associate ideas of “caring,
nurturing” with a mother, than a caring female foster parent deserves
more to ! be called “mother” than an uncaring, callous
“biological mother.”<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>In German we call such a cruel mother
“Rabenmutter” (raven mother). Bert Brecht, the German playwright
wrote a play entitled “Mutter Courage”, the model of a very
committed, courageous woman. A great motherly type of woman might be called the
“mother of the nation.” Why can one say in English “mother
church” but not “she mothered a movement?”<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Why do we say in German
“Muttersprache” (mother tongue) but not “Mutterland”
(we say “Vaterland” = fatherland)? <O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>What uses of “m! other” have
to go into a contemporary dictionary which claims to reflect usage?
“Fatherhood” and “motherhood” (and other traditional
family terms like “husband” which we discussed already) are being
redefined in certain circles. Will these redefinitions make it into a
dictionary of general usage or rather be found in a “politically
correct” dictionary which, when the political climate changes, will be a
thing of the past?<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O></O>Fritz Goerling<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<O></O><! DIV><ST1>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Micha</span></font></st1:PersonName><font
color=black><span style='color:black'></ST1>el Nicholas wrote<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><O></O> The widescale tagging of new meanings to old words
is I think a sign of a new style of prescriptive lexicography based on
political correctness. If a dictionary claims to portray what a word means
according to popularity of use, then it is open to all sorts of changes from
pressure groups and interested parties. I believe that language shapes our
perception of society. At this rate we should start thinking, as behoves people
interested in lexicograp! hy, in coming up with a list of neutral terms.
Spanish seems to be making up for lost time when it comes to new meanings added
to existing words. We have "madre biológica" which is a type of
mother, i.e. the one who actually gave birth to the child as opposed to, I
imagine, mothers who don't give birth to a child.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<O></O>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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