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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><font color="#00c200" face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:#00C200'>FLEx* 1.0 is now ready for download as
part of FieldWorks 4.0. </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:
black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>The download options are found on: </span></font><u><font
color=blue><span style='color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></u></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><u><font
size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:blue'><a href="http://www.sil.org/computing/fieldworks/FW_downloads.htm_"><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>http://www.sil.org/computing/FieldWorks/FW_downloads.htm</span></font></a></span></font></u><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>* a.k.a. Language Explorer<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>SIL International has just released version 1.0 of the new
FieldWorks Language Explorer (affectionately known as FLEx). It is part of the
FieldWorks suite of programs, which provide an integrated system for doing
linguistic and anthropological field work. The current version of FieldWorks as
a whole is 4.0. FLEx is designed to create and manage a dictionary, create and
maintain a text corpus, interlinearize texts, and study morphology.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>FLEx has a user interface that is similar to Shoebox and Toolbox
with an edit view for editing a single entry and a browse view for displaying
the database in a chart format. FLEx is similar to LinguaLinks in that it is an
object-oriented, relational database. This allows such features as
bi-directional links between entries. By way of contrast Shoebox only allows
one directional pointers in cross-reference fields. In Shoebox, you can add a
cross-reference field to an entry, but there is no guarantee that the other
entry actually exists. If you want to create reciprocal pointers, you have to
add a field to both entries. In FLEx, in a single step the user links the two
entries together, thus ensuring that both entries exist and creating a
cross-reference in both entries. There are many other advantages to
object-oriented, relational databases, such as data normalization. For instance
you can change the abbreviation for ‘pronoun’ from ‘pron’
to ‘prn’ in one place and it will be consistently changed
everywhere in the project.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>One disadvantage to an object-oriented, relational database is that
the user cannot directly manipulate the data. With Shoebox you could load the
database into a text editor or run a CC table on it. This was risky, because
you could easily corrupt the database. But many users liked this freedom. To
compensate for this lack, FLEx has very powerful built-in editing tools. You
can edit some fields in Browse View. You can sort fields from the start or the
end of the word(s). You have powerful filtering tools, including the ability to
use Regular Expressions in filters. The editing tools enable you to make
systematic changes to a field throughout the database. You have a Find/Replace
tool. You can copy the contents of one field to another. You can copy a single
word from one field to another with a single click of the mouse, for instance
to create a single word gloss from your definition field. You can run a CC
table on a field and see what the table will do before the changes are applied.
For the more technically oriented, you can also run an ICU Unicode to Unicode
transducer, TECkit, or Regular Expression on a field. For instance these tools
enable you to copy the contents of the Lexeme Form field into the Pronunciation
field and convert the orthographic characters into IPA, all in a single step.
The editing tools have a preview feature that enables you to see what changes
are going to be made and enables you to confirm the change on a field by field
basis. The advantage of these tools is that you have the same power that you
used to have, but without the risk of mangling your database. In fact these
tools are so powerful and easy to use that you can develop your database in a
fraction of the time you could in other dictionary software programs, and do so
with far greater consistency and accuracy. (I will admit that I may be a bit
prejudiced in my opinion, since I helped design the tools.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>One of the best features of FLEx is the distinction it makes
between data and presentation. FLEx is designed to capture lexical data in a
standardized structure, but to present it for view or publication in a variety
of formats. The structure of lexical data has been hard-wired into the program.
In contrast Shoebox enforced no structure on the data (other than Standard
Format Markers), resulting in databases with a variety of ad hoc structures and
ad hoc fields. MDF was created to help solve this problem. Although it provided
a standard, the user was not forced to maintain the standard. In fact few
people are rigorous enough to maintain the standard even when they try their
hardest. We all make typing mistakes. This problem is now a thing of the past,
because FLEx provides a built-in structure. The user no longer needs to worry
about keeping the fields in the right order and is free to concentrate on the
data itself. All fields are available in all entries, but you can decide which
fields you want to see in each view.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>The designers of the program have worked hard to create a
theoretically sound structure. Does this mean that you have no freedom to
create specialized dictionaries? Yes and no. By distinguishing between data and
presentation, FLEx enables you to customize which fields get printed and how
they will look. You can also create user-defined fields to handle special
needs. This enables you to publish a variety of products from a single
database. For instance you can create a monolingual dictionary, bilingual
dictionary, and a trilingual vocabulary, all from the same database. But FLEx
is not an unconstrained database manager like Shoebox. You cannot maintain your
address list in FLEx like you can in Shoebox. FLEx is designed to describe a
single language, although it can handle dialectal variants. It is not designed
for creating such things as comparative dictionaries for many languages. For
special data structures you need to use an unconstrained database manager like
Shoebox. But by standardizing the data structure, FLEx can achieve far more
power than it could if the data were unconstrained. Paradoxically, constraints
result in increased freedom and power.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>FLEx was designed with multiple languages and multiple scripts in
mind. All data is Unicode. It supports left to right and right to left writing
systems, including complex non-Roman scripts. It supports multiple scripts for
a single language. It supports multiple analysis languages.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>FLEx has other nice features. In the Lexicon Edit view (for editing
a single entry) there is a dictionary preview pane that shows how the entry
will look in print. There is a Dictionary view that shows how the entire
dictionary will look in print. (You can modify how the data will actually
print, but this gives an idea how it could look.) There is a Reversal Indexes
view that shows how the reversal index (finder list) will look in print. You
can produce an index for each analysis language. FLEx is not designed to create
full L1-L2 and L2-L1 dictionaries within the same project. To do this you would
need to set up two projects and display them in separate windows.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>There is a Categorized Entry tool that enables you to efficiently
enter words that have been collected using the Dictionary Development Process (DDP)
list of semantic domains. In fact DDP has been integrated into FLEx for those
wishing to use that approach. There is also a Classified Dictionary view that
shows how the classified dictionary will look in print (for those who have used
DDP to classify their dictionary). This is like a thesaurus, but also shows the
grammatical category and definition of each word. In this version of FLEx, some
of the views appear to constrain what is possible with the data structure.
Other dictionary views and more configuration options will be available in
subsequent versions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>FLEx enables you to create a text corpus, either by typing texts
directly into the program, or by cutting and pasting them into an empty text
record. The program automatically generates a list of unique word forms from
the text corpus. There is a concordance feature that displays each occurrence
of a word form from the text corpus in column view, along with the wider
context of a selected occurrence. There is a built-in parser that can be used
to analyze a single word form or to facilitate interlinearizing texts. The
interlinearizer currently only handles the analysis of single words, but plans
are being made to allow the interlinearization of idioms and other multi-word
lexical items.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Many of the features that have been planned for FLEx have not yet
been implemented. However the program is robust and stable enough to warrant
release as version 1. Because FLEx is still under development, you will
encounter an occasional crash. However the program saves everything you do, so
you do not lose data when the occasional crash does occur. In my opinion, FLEx has
many advantages over Shoebox, LinguaLinks, or LexiquePro for developing a
dictionary. As the programmers continue to add new features, it can only get
better.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>FLEx is currently a bit slow in switching from one view to another.
This problem is gradually diminishing as the programmers solve problems and
optimize performance. This slowness is more than compensated for by the speed
of the editing tools. The tools enable you to add, develop, and edit fields at
speeds 10 times, 100 times, and sometimes 1,000 times faster than you could in
any other program.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Importing data from Shoebox/Toolbox or LinguaLinks is a bit tricky.
It is necessary to get your Shoebox data into MDF format before importing it.
This can be a problem if you have not stuck with MDF. Finding and fixing the
errors in a Shoebox database can take anywhere from several hours to several
days, depending on the number and nature of the errors and your computer
skills. (These errors should be fixed anyway, since they will cause errors when
printing with MDF or LexiquePro.) Since FieldWorks requires Unicode, you may
also need to run some kind of conversion tool on your data to convert it to Unicode.
Fortunately FieldWorks comes with some standard converters.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Currently FLEx does not have a print function, but you can export
your data in several formats. Exporting your data to LexiquePro requires you to
go through the LexiquePro import process as you would with any database. This
took me several minutes. You only need to do this once. After that you can continue
editing in FLEx. It is then a simple step to re-export your dictionary from
FLEx and load it into LexiquePro.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>In the last five months I’ve taught three lexicography
workshops using FieldWorks. (The last workshop was videoed and will be
available soon.) I received some very positive feedback concerning the program.
One lexicography consultant said, “This is the way to do dictionaries.”
A linguistics consultant said, “There is no way I would go back to
LinguaLinks or Shoebox.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>The best feature of FieldWorks is that it is absolutely free! You
can learn more and download the program from the SIL website: <a
href="http://www.sil.org/computing/fieldworks/index.html">http://www.sil.org/computing/fieldworks/index.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>SIL Linguistics Consultant<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt;text-autospace:none'><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>(Developer of the Dictionary Development Process and one of the lexicography
consultants for the FieldWorks team)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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