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I would suggest that the "hand" phrases are tapping into two very basic
facts about our bodies' functioning: (1) we have two hands (and only
two, hence the oddity, though of course not the impossibility of "on
the third hand") and we use them to do many of the same things, so they
are near equivalents for each other, and (2) specifically one of the
things we do with our two hands is weigh things and estimate balances.
I use the phrase not for debating with others, but, so to speak, with
myself, weighing one concept or possibility against another. To me the
notion of the hand is quite active in these phrases: they are far from
dead. They are, of course, not semantically transparent, either: I
wouldn't expect non-English speakers to be able to easily figure out,
much less know without careful thought, what they meant.<br>
<br>
I've enjoyed the phrase "On the other hand, you have different
fingers", for the way it plays a more-literal (what a weasel-word!),
more compositional meaning on the one hand, against the more
specialized meaning on the other. (Note the absence of "hand" in this
last, or rather penultimate, sentence.)<br>
<br>
--David T. <br>
<br>
Ron Moe wrote:
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<div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">David-<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Ah. It seems
that there has been confusion
over my use of the term ‘lexeme’. David Crystal (A Dictionary of
Linguistics and Phonetics) says that idiomatic phrases are lexemes, so
I’m
in good company. A linguistic expression is classified as a lexeme on
semantic,
not morphological criteria. A lexeme can be a morpheme, derivative,
compound,
or phrase.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">The reason
that there is so much
discussion over ‘on the other hand’ is that it is a fuzzy/marginal
example of a fixed phrase. It is non-compositional as a whole, but
partly
compositional because it contrasts with ‘on the one hand’. The fact
that it is one of a pair of expressions makes it a bit unusual. Because
it
makes sense literally (“I meant the ring on the other hand”), it is
ambiguous. It’s a not-quite-dead-yet metaphor. So a speaker may look at
his hands when using ‘on the one/other hand’. These facts enable us
to play with it. In contrast I’ve never heard anyone play with ‘on
the contrary’. I only use ‘contrary’ as an adjective, so I
can’t even make sense of the phrase literally. So ‘on the contrary’
is a better (prototypical?) example of a dead fixed phrase.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">I’ve done a
lot of thinking about
conceptual metaphors. We can sometimes coin a new metaphor on the basis
of a
conceptual metaphor. I mentioned that ‘on the other hand’ vaguely
resembles a conceptual metaphor. For one thing there are two idioms
based on
whatever gave rise to ‘on the one hand’ and ‘on the other
hand’. Conceptual metaphors by definition are the basis for multiple
idioms.
So there is really nothing unusual about having multiple related
idioms. (The
time flew/crawled. The time is approaching/has arrived/passed.) Since
idioms
can be based on conceptual metaphors, we can’t exactly contrast live
metaphors and idioms. In other words ‘dead metaphor’ and ‘idiom’
are not exact synonyms.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">I don’t know
what the original
source of ‘on the one/other hand’ was. My guess is that it was
based on some original metaphor. It’s possible it is based on the
conceptual metaphor ‘an argument is a battle’ in which case ‘hand’
would mean ‘side’ as in “What side are you on?” Or it
may have been a debating term in which the two debaters were on the
left and
right hand sides of the stage. The fact that I can imagine a
metaphorical basis
for the expressions means that the metaphor may not be quite dead. But
many
idioms are like that.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font
face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr tabindex="-1" align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font
face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>David Frank<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Wednesday,
December 06, 2006
1:24 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] Re:
lexical
phrase</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id="ygrp-mlmsg">
<div style="float: left; z-index: 1;" id="ygrp-msg">
<div id="ygrp-text">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Ron --</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Okay, I
think I've figured out by now
that when you said "on the other hand" is a lexeme, you were saying
that you take it to be an idiom. I wasn't real clear on how you were
using the
terms "lexeme" and "lexical phrase."</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">I don't
necessarily have a different
interpretation of "on the other hand" than you have. I don't really
care that much whether you want to call it an idiom or not. Except to
say that
I do see it somewhat as a live metaphor. Someone giving a lecture might
use
gestures, holding out one hand when saying "On the one hand..." and
holding out the other hand when saying "But on the other hand...." It
would be interesting to see how he would gesture when saying "On the
third
hand...." But when making a dictionary, the simplest thing would be
just
to include "on the other hand" as a subentry under "hand"
and not bother the reader with the question of whether it is a metaphor
or an
idiom or a lexeme or an extended meaning, or just an interesting
collocation, or whatever
else it might be called, technically.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">If "on the
other hand" has
become a dead metaphor, then you might also call it an idiom. But
another
analysis might be that the word "hand" has taken on a new sense from
the dead metaphor. Maybe the definition could be something like "a
platform on which half of a two-pronged argument rests." (I might
have said "a container for half of a two-pronged argument," but then
you would expect to use "in" instead of "on.")</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial Unicode MS" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">-- David</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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