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--></style><title>RE: [Lexicog] sub-morphemic
particles??</title></head><body>
<div>A very long time ago, John Lawler and I published an article in
CLS 17 on this phenomenon called<i> Athematic Metaphors</i>. It
included careful analyses of paradigms (or near paradigms) of the sort
Dave Tuggy laid out. In that article we addressed the concerns that
Ron raises, i.e., that only about 50% of the forms are analyzable. But
we pointed out that the vast majority of forms one intuitively wants
to subject to this kind of analysis lack etymologies (or have very
shallow ones). That fact in itself cries out for explanation.</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>During my recent sabbatical in Austria I started working on
German words in<i> schV-</i>, which look like they are amenable to
this kind of analysis. (Many English<i> shV-</i> and<i>
sc(r)V-</i>/<i>skV-</i> crucially have surfaces in their semantic
description, so I thought that German, which did not split this class
might do the same. In fact, what appears to be the case is that German
has two centers of meaning associated with<i> schV-</i>. There is one
radial category involving surfaces and 2D objects -- protective
surfaces -- protection that encompasses about 30% of the forms</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>(<i>Schal</i>,<i> Schorf</i>,<i> schöpfen</i>,<i>
Schote</i>,<i> Schuppe</i>,<i> schüren</i>,<i> Schürze</i>,<i>
Schirm, Schutz,</i> u.a.)</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>and a second that has to do with negative affect that encompasses
another 30%,</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>(<i>Schaden, Scham, Scheiß, Schuft, Schuld, schummeln, Schund,
Schuppen,</i> u.a.)</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>with 40% being unanalyzable. That's about par for the course. The
work is still in its infancy. We haven't done enough with the rhymes
yet to know where that will go, so we don't have the good contrasts
with rhymes like</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><br></div>
<div><i><x-tab>
</x-tab>bump<x-tab> </x-tab></i>unmarked</div>
<div><i><br></i></div>
<div><i><x-tab>
</x-tab>hump<x-tab> </x-tab></i>big(ger) bump</div>
<div><i><br></i></div>
<div><i><x-tab>
</x-tab>lump<x-tab> </x-tab></i>essentially
removable bump</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><br></div>
<div>Margaret Manus does something more abstract than we do. I'm
sympathetic, but I believe there is a lot more that can be done
concretely with a better semantics. (For example, we discovered
that<i> schieben</i> implies the moving object must be in contact with
a surface, something heretofore unnoticed -- and not true of the
English cognate<i> shove</i>.)</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>Rich Rhodes</div>
<div><br></div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1"
color="#000080">Beware! There are some who compare all the rare and
solitaire pairs of words and declare they share some component.
Coincidence! Their arguments are threadbare affairs. Blare and glare
may scare you. But welfare and repair mean I care. When did you ever
have a fair nightmare? Do mares flare? You can cruelly snare an
innocent hare. Where does a hare live? In a lair? How do children fare
in childcare? I may stare at the way you wear your hair. If my heir
dares to swear I may despair. If he does, I'll impair his bare
behind. You can repair a stair or tear down a chair. You can pare a
pair of pears.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1"
color="#000080">I dare you to use your software to find where there
are square paradigms. Prepare your pairs. Air your views. Spare no
expense. If there is a pattern, I'm not aware of it. So
there!</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1"
color="#000080"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1"
color="#000080">Ron Moe</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1"
color="#000080"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite>
<hr size="2"></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Tahoma"
size="-1"><b>From:</b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com]<b> On Behalf Of</b> Fritz
Goerling<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, February 23, 2007 8:32 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Lexicog] sub-morphemic particles??</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite> <br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font size="+1">What if this is
coincidence?</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font size="+1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font size="+1">Can you "spare" me a
dime? ;-)</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" color="#000000">Can we
"share?"</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000">Nothing threatening in that, unless said baring
one's teeth,</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000">Fritz</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Comic Sans MS" size="-1">Or
even "dare"-- to (intensely) compel someone to do something
they're uncomfortable with?<br>
Kim<br>
</font><br>
Fritz Goerling wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" cite>Alan,<br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" color="#000000">Would
"to bare" fit: Š to bare one's teeth threateningly enough
Š?</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
color="#000000"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" color="#000000">Fritz
Goerling</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">Last
Saturday, talking about how hot the sun had been when I went jogging
that afternoon, I said that the sun had "blared" at me the whole
time. Then thinking about what I had just said, I corrected myself -
"no, I think the word is "glared". But that slip-up made me
wonder if there's some real connection between the following
words:</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
size="-1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">blare -
for something (like a radio) to make a sound intense enough that you
want to plug your ears</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">glare -
for something (like the sun) to emit light bright enough that you need
to squint or close your eyes</font></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><br></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">stare -
for someone to look at you intently enough to make you feel
uncomfortable</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
size="-1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">They all
seem to share the idea of an intensity that's too intense for
comfort. And they all share that a-r-e ending. What would you call
that piece of the word? Is it a morpheme? Or maybe something on a
sub-morphemic level?</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
size="-1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">It would be
interesting to know if anything along these lines has been researched.
It might shed some light on things I've seen in Austronesian
languages - things which also sometimes seem to carry meaning on a
level below that of the morpheme.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
size="-1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial" size="-1">Allan
J.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font face="Arial"
size="-1"> </font><br>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><br></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font size="-1">--<br>
No virus found in this incoming message.<br>
Checked by AVG Free Edition.<br>
Version: 7.5.441 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/697 - Release Date:
2/22/2007 11:55 AM</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><br></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite><font size="-1">--<br>
No virus found in this outgoing message.<br>
Checked by AVG Free Edition.<br>
Version: 7.5.441 / Virus Database: 268.18.3/697 - Release Date:
2/22/2007 11:55 AM</font><br>
</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite></blockquote>
<div><br></div>
<div><br></div>
<x-sigsep><pre>--
</pre></x-sigsep>
<div
>******************************************************************<br
>
<br>
Richard A. Rhodes<br>
Department of Linguistics<br>
University of California<br>
Berkeley, CA 94720-2650<br>
Voice (510) 643-7325<br>
FAX (510) 643-5688<br>
<br>
******************************************************************</div
>
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