<html><body>


<DIV><FONT size=4>  <div>laughter is a form of expression when no words are available.</div></FONT></DIV>  <DIV> </DIV>  <DIV> </DIV>  <DIV><BR><B><I>Fritz Goerling <Fritz_Goerling@sil.org></I></B> wrote:</DIV>  <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"><!-- Network content -->  <DIV id=ygrp-text>  <div><!-- Network content -->  <DIV class=Section1>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black
 face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">I am interested in how different kinds of laughter are expressed in different languages and what principles (of word formation, onomatopoeia, etc.) are followed in building these words.<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Some examples from English and German:<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">English                       
         German<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">to chuckle                            glucksen (not an exact equivalent)<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">to giggle                               kichern<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black
 face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">to cackle                              gackern<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">to snicker/snigger              ?<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">to titter                                  one would have to describe it by a paraphrase or show it<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div
 class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">What elements enter into play as differentiating factors? Who does what, when, under which circumstances?<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Agent (individual or group; gender), patient (absence or presence), differences in rank (social situation)?<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O> </O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div
 class=MsoNormal><FONT color=black face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Fritz Goerling<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div>  <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV><!--End group email -->  <div></div></DIV><!--End group email --></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><p>

<hr size=1>We won't tell. Get more on <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=49980/*http://tv.yahoo.com/collections/265
">shows you hate to love</a><br>(and love to hate): <a href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=49980/*http://tv.yahoo.com/collections/265
">Yahoo! TV's Guilty Pleasures list.</a>
<span width="1" style="color: white;"/>__._,_.___</span>


<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->

  <img src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97476590/grpId=11682781/grpspId=1709195911/msgId=3731/stime=1172299748" width="1" height="1"> <br>

<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->

    
<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->

  <br><br>
  <div style="width:500px; text-align:right; margin-bottom:1px; color:#909090;">
    <tt>SPONSORED LINKS</tt>
  </div>
  <table bgcolor=#e0ecee cellspacing="13" cellpadding="0" width=500px>        
                  <tr valign=top>
            <td style="width:25%;">
        <tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkMDNubHRwBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzEEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4?t=ms&k=Science+lab+equipment&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=nhMObThtY0u3dC_zdOTU4g">Science lab equipment</a></tt>
      </td>
                      <td style="width:25%;">
        <tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkMGphcTkyBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzIEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4?t=ms&k=Life+science+research&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=Iijeys-hhXush45nkHI1fw">Life science research</a></tt>
      </td>
                      <td style="width:25%;">
        <tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkbmR2bnBwBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzMEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4?t=ms&k=Life+sciences&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=BzQVPANazGzLMf63F0AEwA">Life sciences</a></tt>
      </td>
              </tr>
                        <tr valign=top>
            <td style="width:25%;">
        <tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkc2pidnVtBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzQEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4?t=ms&k=Life+science+product&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=Zt0u9C_2RYCHGrro11mmsA">Life science product</a></tt>
      </td>
                      <td style="width:25%;">
        <tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkcTc3NXQwBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzUEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4?t=ms&k=Life+science+company&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=4SCAy6h9Eoo0zrSnqnWSeg">Life science company</a></tt>
      </td>
                    </tr>
      </table>     
  
<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->


<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->

<br>
      <div style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 77%; border-top: 1px solid #666; padding: 5px 0;" >
      Your email settings: Individual Email|Traditional <br>
      <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist/join;_ylc=X3oDMTJnMGpkNHRiBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBGdycElkAzExNjgyNzgxBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwOTE5NTkxMQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNzdG5ncwRzdGltZQMxMTcyMjk5NzQ4">Change settings via the Web</a> (Yahoo! ID required) <br>
      Change settings via email: <a href="mailto:lexicographylist-digest@yahoogroups.com?subject=Email Delivery: Digest">Switch delivery to Daily Digest</a> | <a href = "mailto:lexicographylist-fullfeatured@yahoogroups.com?subject=Change Delivery Format: Fully Featured">Switch to Fully Featured</a> <br>
           <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lexicographylist;_ylc=X3oDMTJlOXUwZDMyBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBGdycElkAzExNjgyNzgxBGdycHNwSWQDMTcwOTE5NTkxMQRzZWMDZnRyBHNsawNocGYEc3RpbWUDMTE3MjI5OTc0OA--">
        Visit Your Group 
      </a> |
      <a href="http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/">
        Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use
      </a> |
      <a href="mailto:lexicographylist-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe">
       Unsubscribe 
      </a> 
 <br>
    </div>
  <br>

<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->


<span  style="color: white;"/>__,_._,___</span>
</body></html>