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<div><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">Fritz--</SPAN></div> <div> </div> <div><<FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">“Laughter is the best medicine” (free translation from “Proverbs” in the Bible)>, what verse of Proverbs is it?</SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">The formulation in your translation looks as a parallel to old Greek</SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">saying: Ho chronos farmakon estin (The time is the best medicine).</SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"></SPAN></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman"
color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">Hayim Sheynin</SPAN></FONT></div> <div><BR><BR><B><I>Fritz Goerling <Fritz_Goerling@sil.org></I></B> wrote:</div> <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"><!-- Network content --> <DIV id=ygrp-text> <div><!-- Network content --> <DIV class=Section1> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">True, Donald, but I am interested in </SPAN></FONT>“<FONT face=Arial color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Who does what, when, under which circumstances?<O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT
face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Agent (individual or group; gender), patient (absence or presence), differences in rank (social situation)?<O></O>”<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I am also interested in cross-cultural “false friends.”<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Therefore I asked a group of Anglophones (Irish, English, American) to act out different kinds of laughing, and also who would laugh like that in what circumstances or contexts. That was funny in itself.<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“to giggle”, they all said, would happen in a group of young girls
(German “kichern” is the exact equivalent)<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“to cackle” (a kind of mischievous laughter) could be associated with a witch. That is not the case with German “gackern” (or French “caqueter”) which is said of hens. “To guffaw” (a loud roaring laughter) seems to be said of a group of men; in German it would have to be paraphrased, maybe depending upon context by “wiehernd lachen” (“wiehern” is the sound “horses” make).<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“glucksen” in German (“glousser” in French), associated with “hens,” obviously is not the equivalent of “to chuckle.” The latter has been called “the most human kind of laughter.”<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“Ho ho” (Santa Claus kind of laugh), “Ha ha,” (“Ha ha, I got you” or said sarcastically when a joke did not seem funny) reproduce different kinds of laughter.<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">“Laughter is the best medicine” (free translation from “Proverbs” in the Bible),</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Fritz
Goerling<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Donald Pepper wrote:<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <DIV id=ygrp-mlmsg> <DIV id=ygrp-msg> <DIV id=ygrp-text> <DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">laughter is a form of expression when no words are available.<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><BR><B><I><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-STYLE: italic">Fritz Goerling <Fritz_Goerling@<WBR>sil.org></SPAN></I></B> wrote:<O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 1.5pt solid"><!-- Network content --><!-- Network content --><O> <DIV id=ygrp-text> <DIV> <DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I am interested in how different kinds of laughter are expressed in different languages and what principles (of word formation, onomatopoeia, etc.) are followed in building these words.<O>! </O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV>
<DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Some examples from English and German:<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">English German<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to chuckle glucksen (not an exact equivalent)<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to giggle kichern<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV><! FONT color="black" face="Arial" size="3"> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to cackle
gackern<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to snicker/snigger ?<O></O></SPAN></FONT><O></O></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to titter one would have to describe it by a paraphrase or show it<O></O><O></O></SPAN></F></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3 si="3"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV>
<DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What elements enter into play as differentiating factors? Who does what, when, under which circumstances?<O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Agent (individual or group; gender), patient (absence or presence), differences in rank (social situation)?<O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3 col="black"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Fritz Goerling<O></O><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV> <DIV> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><O></O></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=black><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O></O></SPAN></FONT></div></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><O> </O></SPAN><!--End group email --></FONT></div><!--End group email --> <div><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <O></O></SPAN></FONT></div> <DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT face=Arial color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=1> </SPAN></FONT></DIV> <div
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