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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
14.0pt'>True, Donald, but I am interested in </span></font>“<font
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black'>Who does
what, when, under which circumstances?<O></O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Agent (individual or group; gender),
patient (absence or presence), differences in rank (social situation)?<O></O>”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>I am also interested in cross-cultural “false
friends.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Therefore I asked a group of Anglophones
(Irish, English, American) to act out different kinds of laughing, and also who
would laugh like that in what circumstances or contexts. That was funny in
itself.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“to giggle”, they all said,
would happen in a group of young girls (German “kichern” is the
exact equivalent)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“to cackle” (a kind of
mischievous laughter) could be associated with a witch. That is not the case
with German “gackern” (or French “caqueter”) which is
said of hens. “To guffaw” (a loud roaring laughter) seems to be
said of a group of men; in German it would have to be paraphrased, maybe depending
upon context by “wiehernd lachen” (“wiehern” is the
sound “horses” make).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“glucksen” in German (“glousser”
in French), associated with “hens,” obviously is not the equivalent
of “to chuckle.” The latter has been called “the most human
kind of laughter.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>“Ho ho” (Santa Claus kind of
laugh), “Ha ha,” (“Ha ha, I got you” or said
sarcastically when a joke did not seem funny) reproduce different kinds of laughter.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>“Laughter is the best medicine”
(free translation from “Proverbs” in the Bible),</span></font><font
size=4><span style='font-size:14.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Fritz Goerling<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Donald Pepper wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div style='float:left;z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
13.5pt'>laughter is a form of expression when no words are available.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Fritz Goerling
<Fritz_Goerling@<wbr>sil.org></span></i></b> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;
margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<!doctype HTML>
<!-- Network content --><!-- Network content --><O>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> </O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>I am interested in how different kinds of
laughter are expressed in different languages and what principles (of word
formation, onomatopoeia, etc.) are followed in building these words.<O>! </O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Some examples from English and German:<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O> </O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>English
German<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O> </O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>to
chuckle
glucksen (not an exact
equivalent)<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>to
giggle
kichern<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div><! FONT color="black" face="Arial" size="3">
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>to
cackle
gackern<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>to
snicker/snigger
?<O></O></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>to
titter
one would have to describe it
by a paraphrase or show it<O></O><o:p></o:p></span></F! ONT></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial si ze=3><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O> </O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>What elements enter into play as
differentiating factors? Who does what, when, under which circumstances?<O></O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Agent (individual or group; gender),
patient (absence or presence), differences in rank (social situation)?<O></O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O> </O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><O> </O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial col! or=black><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Fritz Goerling<O></O><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> <O></O></span></font><font
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span><!--End group email --></font></p>
<!--End group email -->
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>
<hr size=1 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>We won't tell. Get more on <a
href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=49980/*http:/tv.yahoo.com/collections/265%0d%0a">shows
you hate to love</a><br>
(and love to hate): <a
href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=49980/*http:/tv.yahoo.com/collections/265%0d%0a">Yahoo!
TV's Guilty Pleasures list.</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=white face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:white'></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkMjAyZnY1BF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzEEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMzE2MDc2?t=ms&k=Science+lab+equipment&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=nhMObThtY0u3dC_zdOTU4g">Science lab equipment</a></tt>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkaWNxcmtuBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzIEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMzE2MDc2?t=ms&k=Life+science+research&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=Iijeys-hhXush45nkHI1fw">Life science research</a></tt>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkNXJ0NWQxBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzMEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMzE2MDc2?t=ms&k=Life+sciences&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=BzQVPANazGzLMf63F0AEwA">Life sciences</a></tt>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkYm5naGllBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzQEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMzE2MDc2?t=ms&k=Life+science+product&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=Zt0u9C_2RYCHGrro11mmsA">Life science product</a></tt>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkcGtvOGlxBF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzUEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTcyMzE2MDc2?t=ms&k=Life+science+company&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=4SCAy6h9Eoo0zrSnqnWSeg">Life science company</a></tt>
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