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<span style="font-family: times new roman;">Another example of a language whose normal manner of referring to an ailment initially strikes an English-speaker as weird is Hopi. To report that there is something wrong with a body part, one says "I have a (body part)." For example, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: times new roman;">hokya</span><span style="font-family: times new roman;"> is 'leg'; </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: times new roman;">hokya'yta</span><span style="font-family: times new roman;"> is 'have a leg/legs'. This can be used literally as in </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: times new roman;">kawayo naalö-q hokya'yta</span><span style="font-family: times new roman;"> [horse four-accusative have.leg] 'a horse has four legs'. </span><span style="font-family: times new roman;">But if one says </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: times new roman;">piw nu' hokya'yta</span><span
style="font-family: times new roman;"> [again I have.leg], this is not understood to mean 'I have a leg again (and I didn't have one before)' but rather 'I have a bad leg again' or 'There is something wrong with my leg again'.</span><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">The story is different for diseases. The verb <span style="font-style: italic;">na'pala</span> means to contract a disease and it has many derived froms to specify the progress of a disease. <span style="font-style: italic;">Na'pala</span> and the corresponding derived noun <span style="font-style: italic;">na'pali</span> are often compounded with a noun stem to specify the nature of the disease.</span><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">A cold is not described the same as a contractable disease. A congested nose is <span
style="font-style: italic;">kwaayaqa.</span> 'I have a cold' is: <span style="font-style: italic;">nu' kwaayaqmokiwta,</span> i.e., 'I am suffering from a cold'. </span><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-style: italic;">kwaayaq-mok-iw-ta</span> [congested.nose-die/suffer(sg.subj)-stative-durative]</span><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">Many Uto-Aztecan languages show the same verbs used for both 'die' and 'suffer'. To the beginning student of such languages it seems that when one says 'I'm thirsty' (= 'I'm suffering from thirst') it means 'I'm dying of thirst'.</span><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><br style="font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-family: times new roman;">--Ken Hill</span><br style="font-family: times new
roman;"><br><b><i>rtroike@email.arizona.edu</i></b> wrote:<blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"> <!-- Network content --> <div id="ygrp-text"> <div><br> Wayne,<br> <br> Could you give us a morphological breakdown of the Cheyenne expression?<br> Is it really an idiom? Or just the customary way to refer to illnesses?<br> English is odd in treating them as something received or possessed. Whorf<br> could have fun with that.<br> <br> English: I have an ear-ache.<br> Spanish: Me duele el oido. (My [inner] ear hurts me.]<br> <br> Thanks to Andrew Shimunek for the Mongolian example. Sometimes other languages<br> just seem strange because we take the
expression in our own language for<br> granted. I've often found that I gained insight into English by holding it<br> up to the mirror of another language.<br> <br> Rudy Troike<br> <br> </div> </div> <!--End group email --> </blockquote><br><p>
<hr size=1>The fish are biting.<br>
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