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<DIV> The question is - are there other disadvantages for such strategy?
Does it for instance make the English-Lakota section less user friendly or less
clear?<BR><BR><FONT color=#800080>Jan:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>Your final questions here delves into the heart and
purpose of your work. There is an axiom stating: Keep in mind the
audience for whom you write (or something to that effect). In your
situation and mine, we write primarily for the benefit of the community who
speaks the language or are for their heirs to the language, and who now are
students in learning their indigenous community language. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>I am aware that for the Lakota Dakota communities,
there is a 100 year (plus) literary tradition that is more or less familiar to
the current residents, who have varying degrees of literary ability in their
language. Not so, for the Baxoje Jiwere communities here on the Southern
Plains. Yet, the two Siouan groups of language learners have in
common a general lack of familiarity with the complexities of their language,
whether or not they have a spoken command. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>During the 1970s Oklahoma tribes language renaissance,
the fluent elders were recruited to hold language classes. It became
evident that they knew how to speak it and express themselves in their language,
but they really did not know how to teach it (present it) to effect any kind
substantive speaking ability among the student learners, many who were
adults.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>Now getting back to your inquiry on giving parts of
speech for the L/D entry (OR) the B/J entry here for me, was then as it is
now irrelevant for the most part to the language students -- adults and children
alike. They were not especially astute as to what constitutes the
difference between a transitive vs intransitive verb, or an adverb,
etc. even as it applied for English (which often was the students only
language and the one for which they had formal classroom
instruction). They did not care if, as in your examples, "sapa" was
a noun, verb (t/i), verb stative or adjective. They wanted to know
how to <U>use </U>the word to express their thoughts.
They needed and wanted to know how the word is used, as in, "Sunkawakan
sapa kin le yelo" (This is a black horse) from the words use in "Nanpe
micisapa yelo" (My hand is black) or "Nanpe sapmak^iya..." (He caused my hand to
be black). </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>For the advanced language student, identifying the word
and its variations by the more correct part of speak as it fits the L/D grammar
will be useful. However, the typical language students that I have found
in recent years, preferred that I did not use p.o.s. during instruction as it
tended to cloud and confuse them and cause many to loose their focus. For
me, it is more efficient and expedient to use at least a minimal set of
grammatical terms. However, I am there for the student learner, and
so, I needfully adjust what is most condusive to their learning
process. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>So in short, the POS are most useful to grammarians and
linguists, and not the language community learner. While I compose the
dictionary so that it will be useful to the linguists as well, it first and
foremost, must serve the needs of the particular language community for whom it
is intended to benefit. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>Another axiom is: Keep it simple. So I
strive for visual surface clearity.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>It is customary to give a part of speech for the
English word in the dictionary, and so I do so on the English
section. On the Baxoje Jiwere section, I follow English custom by giving
all applicable parts of speech which to the entry, but for sub-entries I forego
it. For example:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together"><FONT
size=3><FONT color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wábage;
iwábage</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"> (old)</SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">;</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> (</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">wapak^e </SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt">(DOR)</SPAN></I></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">n/adj/v.i.</I><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">blood; bloody; bleed.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <EM><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[W.wa^í; Om/P.wamí;
Os.wabi</SPAN><SUP><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">n</SPAN></SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; D.
we].</SPAN></EM> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <STRONG> </STRONG></SPAN><STRONG>….
raxíge;</STRONG><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> </I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">iwábage raxíge,</B><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></I>spit up blood.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.</SPAN></I></FONT><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt; COLOR: #333399"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>**SEE:<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #333399; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wá</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #333399">n</SPAN></SUP></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #333399; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">^sha;</SPAN></B><FONT
color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> blood; spit.</SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o
ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
/><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080> Eventually, I will supply examples of use of the
entry word "wabage" in sentences for all the varied uses above.
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>I continue to do in the same manner for
verbs.</FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together"><SPAN><STRONG>wabé</STRONG><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">v.t.</I> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">throw away, throw out
s.t.:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">(I..., wábe; you..., warábe;
we..., hi<SUP>n</SUP>wábewi; they..., wabéñe).</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">[</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">NOTE: </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">w</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">ábe,</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"> I throw away <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">[wa-(something) + há-(I) + bé (abandon;
leave; discard, throw away)</I></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt">].</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Dagúare warábewida<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>mitáwe ke,<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Whatever it was you<SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><EM><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>(plural) </EM></SPAN>threw away,<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>it was
mine.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT
color=#800080></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>In the above verb example, the glossed meaning of the
compound term is simply verb transitive. Not a meaningfull fact for the
student learners in my sessions. What is more useful to them is the
main conjugation forms. Because the 1ps is also a contraction, I supply an
analysis of the contraction to serve as a visual explaination for the student
learner. This is followed by the use of the term in a sentence
context. I include the word "plural" in italics in the English
sentence, so as the reader will be able to constrast the 2ps in the
conjugations, from the 2pp in the sentence example. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together"><FONT
color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wahá</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">v.i.</I><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">1. show, present; view; show
suddently.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2. stretch out; present
to view.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>3. push forward, that one
may see </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>4. raise the hand; wave the hand:<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">(I..., hapáha; you..., swáha;
we..., hi</SPAN><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">n</SPAN></SUP></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wáhawi; they...,
waháñe)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Náwe gwáha ke,<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>He raised his hand.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Á<SUP>n</SUP>giwahañe
to,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Let them show it to me!<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Šwaré k^irána náwe wahá máñi
ke,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Now and then he raised his
hand.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>(waha </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.</SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>[Om/P/Os. baha; Os. nanbe baha, show the
hand as when taking an oath; D.paha, raise to strike; apaha, raise over; pazo
</SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN></I><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">]</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> wahá réhi</B></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR),</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">push forward suddently so one
may see.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">waháha, </B>raise </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">(& wave hand)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">; wave </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">(at s.o.)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">waháhi,</B><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>cause another to show an object
</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">:<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">(I..., waháha; you...,
wahára; we..., waháhi</SPAN><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">n</SPAN></SUP></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wi; they...,
waháhiñe)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">(wahahi </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.</SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>[Om/P. bahakidhe; D. pazokiya
</SPAN></I><I style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN></I><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">].</SPAN></I><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>**SEE:</SPAN></I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">waháye.</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.1in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together"><FONT
color=#000000><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>**<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN>awáha,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wave, make motion at s.o.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>giwáha ~ giwáhaha,</B><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>wave s.t.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>náwe giwáhaha,</B><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>wave the hand.<B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>waháda</B></SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">n</SPAN></SUP></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> </SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">(waghatan </SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">(DOR)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.0pt">)</SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">,<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">make stiff by rising <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">(dough)</I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">. <SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>mí</B></SPAN><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SUP><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt">n</SPAN></SUP></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"> wawáha,</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>wave a blanket (to give alarm of
approaching enemy)</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt"> </SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt">(arch.)</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">.</SPAN><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>**SEE:</SPAN></I><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 6pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN></B><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">wave.</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>In this unfinished entry, there are several glosses,
followed by the four main conjugation forms. The entry does not
indicate that "wa-" is an instrumental prefix indicating that the action was
performed by some manner of pushing by hand. This information was made
under the separate entry "wa- (an inseparable instrumental
prefix) .....". Subsequent variants of the word were not listed with
an identifying part of speech; However, I will eventually have
each term with the four main conjugated forms, and illustrative sentences that
will use the subentry in context.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>I hope the above examples from my Baxoje Jiwere
Dictionary (first revision) demonstrate my approach to your initial
question, namely, that all possible POS are indicated for the initial native
entry, but not for any following subentry variants of the word. The
intragrated usage of the entry word is followed by illustrative sentence that
allow for a contextual reference. My format for doing so, is made in
the effort to provide the community language learners essential information
in a consistant simple manner with a minimum of non-essential information (for
their purposes), yet attempting to address a larger general audience as
well. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>Jimm</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>PS: I looked up your publications books Level One
& Two on the Consortium site. I'm hoping the Tribe here will loosen up
some funds to purchase the two books for reference resources.
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080>Best Regards as you continue along in your Lakota
project.</FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#800080></FONT> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=jfu@centrum.cz href="mailto:jfu@centrum.cz">Jan F. Ullrich</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, March 24, 2007 4:32
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> RE: [Lexicog] part of speech in
E-V</DIV>
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<P>Ron<BR><BR>Thank you for the thoughtful reply. I have send you some
examples in a PDF<BR>attachment off-list (since I don't know if Yahoo groups
allows<BR>attachements)<WBR>, but I want to make another comment
here:<BR><BR>> black<BR>> black (adj.) sapa<BR>> black (n.), the
color black (Lakota word)<BR>> black (v.), to black sth. (Lakota
word)<BR><BR>I understand your reasoning.<BR>But Lakota lacs a noun and an
adjective for "black" and on the other hand it<BR>has other words for "black"
that fall into other part of speech categories.<BR>So it makes me think,
wouldn't it be more "emic" to indicate the Lakota part<BR>of speech, rather
than that of the English headword:<BR><BR>black<BR>sapa vs. to be
black<BR>asapa vs. to be black on the surface<BR>sapsapa vs-red. to black in
each case (inanimate plural)<BR>sabyA vt. to paint sth black<BR>sabic'iya
vrefl. to blacken oneself<BR>sabkicichiya vben. to blacken smth for
sb<BR>sabya adv. in a black condition<BR><BR>I think that such reflecting of
the Lakota part of speech inventory for<BR>'black', rather than the English
inventory might be of advantage for the<BR>language learner or dictionary
user, to make them think in grammatical terms<BR>of the Lakota language, which
is the language of the primary concern in the<BR>dictionary.<BR><BR>I agree
this strategy might get more complicated to implement in complex<BR>entries,
but I don't think it is impossible to keep this approach<BR>consistent. The
question is - are there other disadvantages for such<BR>strategy? Does it for
instance make the English-Lakota section less user<BR>friendly or less
clear?<BR><BR>Jan<BR><BR><!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| --></P></DIV></DIV><!-- ygrp-msg --><!-- Sponsor -->
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