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        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left27, li.left27, div.left27
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p.left28, li.left28, div.left28
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct5, li.ct5, div.ct5
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.cat4, li.cat4, div.cat4
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.bld14, li.bld14, div.bld14
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left29, li.left29, div.left29
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p.left30, li.left30, div.left30
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p.ct6, li.ct6, div.ct6
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.cat5, li.cat5, div.cat5
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.bld15, li.bld15, div.bld15
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left31, li.left31, div.left31
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p.left32, li.left32, div.left32
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct7, li.ct7, div.ct7
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.cat6, li.cat6, div.cat6
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.bld16, li.bld16, div.bld16
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left33, li.left33, div.left33
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left34, li.left34, div.left34
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.ct8, li.ct8, div.ct8
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat7, li.cat7, div.cat7
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.bld17, li.bld17, div.bld17
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left35, li.left35, div.left35
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.left36, li.left36, div.left36
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct9, li.ct9, div.ct9
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
        color:#FF7900;
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p.cat8, li.cat8, div.cat8
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.bld18, li.bld18, div.bld18
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.left37, li.left37, div.left37
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ad, li.ad, div.ad
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left38, li.left38, div.left38
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.ct10, li.ct10, div.ct10
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.cat9, li.cat9, div.cat9
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.ad1, li.ad1, div.ad1
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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p.bld19, li.bld19, div.bld19
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left39, li.left39, div.left39
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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p.left40, li.left40, div.left40
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct11, li.ct11, div.ct11
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        color:#FF7900;
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p.cat10, li.cat10, div.cat10
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.ad2, li.ad2, div.ad2
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.bld20, li.bld20, div.bld20
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left41, li.left41, div.left41
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left42, li.left42, div.left42
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct12, li.ct12, div.ct12
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat11, li.cat11, div.cat11
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.ad3, li.ad3, div.ad3
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.bld21, li.bld21, div.bld21
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left43, li.left43, div.left43
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left44, li.left44, div.left44
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct13, li.ct13, div.ct13
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat12, li.cat12, div.cat12
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.ad4, li.ad4, div.ad4
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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p.bld22, li.bld22, div.bld22
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left45, li.left45, div.left45
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.left46, li.left46, div.left46
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
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p.ct14, li.ct14, div.ct14
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat13, li.cat13, div.cat13
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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p.ad5, li.ad5, div.ad5
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.bld23, li.bld23, div.bld23
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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p.left47, li.left47, div.left47
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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p.left48, li.left48, div.left48
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.ct15, li.ct15, div.ct15
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat14, li.cat14, div.cat14
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.ad6, li.ad6, div.ad6
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.bld24, li.bld24, div.bld24
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.left49, li.left49, div.left49
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.left50, li.left50, div.left50
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.ct16, li.ct16, div.ct16
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.cat15, li.cat15, div.cat15
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.ad7, li.ad7, div.ad7
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
        margin-left:0in;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.bld25, li.bld25, div.bld25
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        font-family:"Times New Roman";
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p.replbq, li.replbq, div.replbq
        {margin:3.0pt;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.left51, li.left51, div.left51
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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        margin-left:0in;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.left52, li.left52, div.left52
        {mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
        margin-right:0in;
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<div class=Section1>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>The etymology section of a dictionary
article is the place for all information on a word’s history, including
(1) words that have a continuous history in the language straight from the
original proto language, (2) words that have been borrowed, both from related
languages and unrelated languages, (3) words that were coined, either by adapting
existing words or by making up a completely new word. The history of a word can
be very involved with numerous attested archaic forms and with a history of
borrowings from language to language. Sometimes it is possible to determine the
approximate date at which a word was borrowed. Sometimes the history of a word
is uncertain. Consequently it is sometimes necessary to discuss the history of
a word in sentence format. Unfortunately the database structure of Toolbox and
the fields used by MDF do not facilitate involved discussions. Instead they
were designed to handle specific pieces of information. These are the fields
available:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\bw Borrowed word. Used for denoting the
source language of a borrowed word.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\et Etymology. The etymology for the lexeme
is put here, e.g.: \et *babuy<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\eg Etymology gloss. The published gloss
for the etymological reference is given here.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\ec Etymology comment. Any comments the
researcher needs to add concerning the etymology of the lexeme can be given
here. Not intended for printing.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\es Etymology source. The reference or
source abbreviation for etymology of the lexeme is given here. Use a Range Set.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>This system works OK if all you want to do
is indicate the source language of a borrowed word or the proto form of an
inherited word. But there are problems with the system:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\bw This is only designed for the language
name. If you want to also indicate the form, there is no easy way to do this. You
can combine the language name and form in the same field, but you may have to
use different fonts for the two. It is difficult (but not impossible) to
combine two fonts in the same field. If you want to record a succession of
borrowings, you would have to put everything into this one field. To produce an
article like the following would be difficult:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue;font-weight:bold'>grace</span></font></b><font
color=blue><span style='color:blue'> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>n</span></i>.
Seemingly effortless beauty or charm of movement, form, or proportion. [Middle
English, from Old French, from Latin <i><span style='font-style:italic'>gra:tia</span></i>,
from <i><span style='font-style:italic'>gra:tus</span></i>, pleasing. See <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>gwere-</span></b> in Appendix].<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>If you are using the same font for the source
language name and the form of the word, you can combine them in the \bw field:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\lx siyudad<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\bw Spanish: ciudad<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\et This field is designed for just the
reconstructed proto form. It would normally be used for the form in the
proto-language. The field was not designed for indicating successive stages in
a word’s history. If you want to use the field for just the proto form,
you can’t also use it for a discussion of successive stages. For instance
in English we often want to indicate the form of the word in Middle English,
Old English, proto-Germanic, and proto-Indo-European. We would want to reserve
the \et field only for the proto-Indo-European form. So there is no field for
the other forms. To produce an article like the following would be very
difficult:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue;font-weight:bold'>yearn</span></font></b><font
color=blue><span style='color:blue'> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>v</span></i>.
To have a strong, often melancholy desire. [Middle English <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>yernen</span></i>, from Old English <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>geornan</span></i>, <i><span style='font-style:italic'>giernan</span></i>.
See <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>gher-</span></b> in Appendix.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>(Examples adapted from the American
Heritage Dictionary.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>There is no place at all in the system for
recording the history of coined words. All that I can suggest is that you use
the \et field for all discussions of the history of the word. This way the MDF
system will allow you to print the information. If you want specific fields for
particular pieces of information, such as the proto form, then you can set up a
custom field for it. Unfortunately you won’t be able to print these
fields with the MDF system. Here is how I would record the information for your
example:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\lx dakbayan<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>…<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\et Coined in the 1930s from fv:DAKong fv:BAYAN
‘big town’.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>You have to put “fv:” before
each word that uses the vernacular font. If you don’t have a special
vernacular font, then you wouldn’t need the “fv:”. The MDF
manual tells how to change the font or character style within a field.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>

<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>

</span></font></div>

<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Vincent `Bentong` S. Isles<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, March 29, 2007
2:57 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] Query on how to
deal with coined words</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>

<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>

<div style='float:left;z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>

<div id=ygrp-text>

<p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hello,<br>
<br>
I am Bentong Isles, and I am part of a group compiling a dictionary of<br>
the Cebuano language (ISO 632 code ceb). We are using ToolBox to<br>
compile our data. In the 1930's Cebuano received a lot of "coined<br>
words" as "real Cebuano" equivalents for Spanish and English
words<br>
used at that time. For example, instead of "siyudad" for city (from<br>
Sp. ciudad), Cebuano writers during that time invented "dakbayan",<br>
from "DAKong BAYAN", which literally means "big town". My
question is,<br>
how do I encode this information in my data file? Does it go into \et?<br>
<br>
Thanks for any help that you can offer.<br>
<br>
--Bentong Isles<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=white face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:white'></div>


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