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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I have heard “mon zami” in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">France</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Examples can be found on
the Internet easily. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Now the cases which I constructed for either French doctor towards
Algerian or <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Algerian doctor towards Frenchman are, of course, hypothetical. I did
not think <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>of the addressee being from the upper class especially or a blue-collar
worker. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I thought of a foreigner as a human being. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>It bothers me that people change their form of speech towards <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>foreigners. This can happen in German by talking to foreigners by using
a <font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>grammar simplified to the level of using
only infinitives as a verbal form <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>“du gehen Kaufhaus” (= you go
store), and the informal “du” – while the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>formal respectful “Sie” would
be expected. What if it turns out that the <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>addressee has received his Ph.D. in <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Germany</st1:country-region></st1:place>
and speaks <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>better German than the German?! I am sure
that cases like that of simplified <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>speech towards foreigners can be mentioned
from other nationalities.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>(By the way, German doctors would have to
address any patient regardless of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>status by the formal “Sie” –
unless they are on “Du” terms already. Apart from <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>that only children are addressed by “Du”).
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>Fritz Goerling<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I am not familiar with /z/ linking in Algerian French. I've asked
around and<br>
none of my (younger) Algerian friends can say to be familiar with it either.<br>
Perhaps my memory needs to be jogged on this, and I could also ask older<br>
Algerians.<br>
Now, the use of "tu" would be perfectly normal on the part of the
French doctor<br>
(we are talking here of a situation occurring in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">France</st1:place></st1:country-region>, as there no longer are<br>
any French doctors practicing in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Algeria</st1:place></st1:country-region>, or in any case not in any
significant<br>
numbers), and he/she would expect a reciprocal "tu". Now the case
would of<br>
course not apply if the addressee was someone from the "upper
classes" (I<br>
hastily bundle the academic community, the commercially successful new<br>
entrepreneurs, and all higher placed government officials, whether from the<br>
army, the police, etc.). In such a situation, mutual use of "vous"
would be in<br>
order.<br>
Now, a Frenchman (tourist, businessman) travelling in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Algeria</st1:place></st1:country-region> and
addressed as<br>
"tu" by an Algerian doctor would quite likely find it odd, and I have
serious<br>
doubts that this could happen. Class and status consciousness would certainly<br>
prevent the use of "tu" by an Algerian doctor, undoubtedly perfectly
"au fait"<br>
with such linguistic subtleties. The same Algerian doctor would of course<br>
likely use Arabic when speaking to a compatriot, but if any French came to be<br>
used, the "tu" pronoun would be used both ways, unless this doctor
were<br>
adressing someone markedly from the upper classes.<br>
<br>
Marc FRYD<br>
<br>
Selon Fritz Goerling <<a href="mailto:Fritz_Goerling%40sil.org">Fritz_Goerling@<wbr>sil.org</a>>:<br>
<br>
> Talking about that mock camaraderie, I wonder how an educated Algerian
would<br>
> react when addressed by an French doctor whom he has never consulted
before<br>
> by the question "mon zami, qu'est-ce que je peux faire pour toi? Où
est-ce<br>
> que ça te fait mal?" (not "mon ami" but "mon
zami")<br>
> (translation "my friend, what can I do for you/tu? Where does it hurt<br>
> you/tu?)<br>
> Now the other way round: How might a Frenchman (say an educated one) react<br>
> if addressed in such a way by an Algerian doctor?<br>
> In West African French (as spoken in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Mali</st1:country-region>,
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Burkina-Faso</st1:City>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Côte d'Ivoire</st1:country-region></st1:place>,<br>
> Sénégal)<br>
> one might address almost any stranger by "chef" (chief) and
"tu", when<br>
> asking for a service, like talking to a gas station attendant.
"chef" is<br>
> deprived of any formal traits in such situations, but you better address a<br>
> policeman by "chef" and "vous."<br>
><br>
> Fritz Goerling<br>
><br>
> The fact that in Algerian French as used by non educated speakers one can<br>
> combine the formal form of address "Monsieur" with the informal
pronoun "tu"<br>
> surely means that "tu" is deprived there any informal traits.<br>
> In Parisian French, however, I can certify that the use of "tu"
by a<br>
> complete<br>
> stranger is in no way neutral.<br>
> A whole range of contexts may come to mind, from the vagrant street<br>
> person pretending to erase with the use of this pronoun any trace of
social<br>
> division in order to gain access to that deeper level where all men are
born<br>
> equal, etc., to the mock familiarity of the market stall vendor who is so<br>
> confident that his putative customer shares his own passion for the
intrisic<br>
> value of the goods he is peddling that this creates a level of complicit<br>
> familiarity which transcends social barriers.<br>
> If one is led, accidentally no doubt, to turn on the television these days<br>
> and<br>
> manages to sit through only a few minutes of one of those programmes where
a<br>
> glitzy TV presenter welcomes a well-known politician, say someone known
for<br>
> his<br>
> burly character, for instance, one will note with linguistic curiosity how<br>
> the<br>
> presenter brings the politician to eat in his hand, so to speak, by the
mere<br>
> use of that "tu" pronoun. The said politician will of course
play ball,<br>
> only too pleased to show that beyond all previous appearances to the<br>
> contrary,<br>
> he really is a very human person.<br>
> But how resilient, really, is that mock camaraderie? Only recently on a<br>
> forum I<br>
> found myself drawn to use "tu" with fellow members and with one
of the<br>
> administrators, with whom I had a lengthy technical exchange of emails. I<br>
> was<br>
> then led to call that lady on the phone, whereupon I noted with interest
how<br>
> insistent her use of "vous" was, throughout our conversation.
The switch<br>
> from<br>
> the noncommittal website exchanges to the person to person oral<br>
> conversation,<br>
> clearly explained here the demise of our former camaraderie.<br>
> Just one last anecdote. It is a known fact that traditional usage in upper<br>
> class<br>
> families required husband and wife to use "vous" when adressing
each other.<br>
> Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, for instance, made a point of<br>
> adhering<br>
> to this formal usage, no doubt in order to place their own relationship on
a<br>
> par with their literay ambitons. However, I keep a distinct memory of a<br>
> couple<br>
> of Bohemian Parisian aristocrats who used unreservedly the democratic
"tu"<br>
> in<br>
> everyday situations and who, or so they confided in me..., only shifted to<br>
> "vous" in situations of more meaningful intimacy!<br>
> Marc FRYD<br>
><br>
> Selon Fritz Goerling <<a href="mailto:Fritz_Goerling%40sil.org">Fritz_Goerling@<wbr>sil.org</a>>:<br>
><br>
> > Which French of <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Algiers</st1:place></st1:City>?
Street French probably. (...)><br>
> ><br>
> > Fritz Goerling<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<tt><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/gads;_ylc=X3oDMTJkanJndHQ2BF9TAzk3NDc2NTkwBF9wAzMEZ3JwSWQDMTE2ODI3ODEEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA5MTk1OTExBHNlYwNzbG1vZARzdGltZQMxMTgxNTE5NzE5?t=ms&k=Life+sciences&w1=Science+lab+equipment&w2=Life+science+research&w3=Life+sciences&w4=Life+science+product&w5=Life+science+company&c=5&s=125&g=0&.sig=BzQVPANazGzLMf63F0AEwA">Life sciences</a></tt>
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