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Fritz,<br><br>Excuse me, but you are slightly mistaken. Gospodin can never be directed to God. There is an old vocative Gospodi [<from Nom. Gospod') which can be used as an address to God or Gospodi Bozhe [both words are vocatives]. Gospod' can be a synonym for God in all the biblical meanings and epithets, but not gospodin.<br>Today address Gospodin+Last name serves as superformal or ironic way of address. (But it could be used in diplomatic or business negotiations as Mr. [and Gospozha for a Mrs., or Madam]). Instead they would use just the last name or First name+patronymic, e.g. Ivan Nikolaevich, Piotr Grigor'evich, Nina Fiodorovna, Praskovía Petrovna. Address of type <font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">Gospodin Jaschin can be used in the international correspondence [as it translated from Mr. Jaschin, Msrrs. Chomsky, Chomsky & Chomsky (Gospoda C,C & C)]</span></font><br>About the use of
addresses in the military, it is very structured science.<br>Before revolution 1917, every lower rank (private, corporal, sergeant [fel'dfebel], and sergeant major [starshina]) addressed any officer (starting from prapostchik [a rank lower than leutenant]) up to the most senior of generals): Vashe blagorodie (Your nobility). The officer of the lower rank to the officer of higher rank: Vashe prevoskhoditel'stvo (Your superiority), the officer to general: Vashe vysoko-prevoskhoditel'stvo (Your super-superiority). But when the higher officer<br>or general addressed a junior one: he may say Leutenant Mal'gunov or Gospodin<br>Leutenant and so on.<br>The situation was more complicated when gentry titles were involved. It could be printed in the report Leutenant Count Yusupov, Baron Elsten (one person with different last names, because one person could inherit several noble titles. In
these cases the address could be changed to Vashe Siyatelstvo (Your shiness[Highness]), for princes and dukes Vashe kniazheskoe siyatel'stvo [Your princely highness]).<br> As I wrote in one of the previous messages squires [pomeststchiki] used in<br>letters addresses to socially equal persons: sudar' (Sire) or milostivui <br>gosudar' (merciful Sire), while gosudar' (Sire) was an address to the Tzar (etymologically from Caesar as also is German Keiser) or Gosudar' Imperator or<br>Vashe Velichestvo [Your Majesty]. In difference with English and German use<br>(Majesty, Exellenz) the possessive pronouns "Your" in Russian could not be omitted.<br>The peasants addressed any person of the social class of gentry as "barin" [<possibly from baron]. They also called "barin" the owner of their estate, manor, village or former owner [after reform 1861] up to 1917.<br>It is amazing but in feudal times preceding the reforms of Peter I, the addresses were much
simpler and uniformed and everybody used 2 p. sg. pronoun ty [you], even to boyars (<possibly from Germanic Bauer), princes and Tzar.<br><br>Hayim Y. Sheynin<br><br><br><b><i>Fritz Goerling <Fritz_Goerling@sil.org></i></b> wrote:<blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"> <!-- Network content --> <div id="ygrp-text"> <div> <!-- Network content --> </div><div class="Section1"> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;">Hayim,<o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color:
black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;">You wrote: <o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black;">“</span></font>Every political change reflects in a change of a formal address. The most famous change in 1917 from gospodin/gospozha/<wbr>baryshnia (Mr./Mrs/Ms) to tovarisch/comrade. <font color="black"><span style="color: black;">“ <o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">The same happened with the revolution in Burkina-Faso where French is the language of administration. </span></font><font color="black" size="4"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black;">It resulted in address forms like “camarade colonel” in the military. Now “camarade” has been dropped and it’s back to Monsieur (Mr.). The younger generation in countries like <st1>Burkina-Faso</st1>, <st1>Mali</st1>, <st1><st1>Côte d’Ivoire</st1></st1> often uses “chef” (chief) when addressing themselves to a stranger, asking for directions or a service.</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color: black;"> </span></font><font color="black" size="4"><span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black;">Even the form of address “patron” (boss) is used to a stranger one’s age or above one’s age.</span></font><font color="black"><span style="color: black;"> </span></font><font color="black" face="Arial"><span
style="font-family: Arial; color: black;">But I have not heard that employees address their superior/director by “chef” or “patron.” “Monsieur” is expected.<o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">Is “gospodin” in Russian not also a form of address for “God” as “Lord/Master?” Like “adonay” in Hebrew, “Herr” in German, “Seigneur” in French? Can one address someone in modern Russian by “Gospodin Jaschin”? Or what is the equivalent of Mr.?<o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;">Fritz<o></o></span></font></div> <div class="MsoNormal"><font color="black" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: black;"><o> </o></span></font></div> </div> <!--End group email --><div></div> </div> <!--End group email --> </blockquote><br><p>
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