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Dear Scott,<br><br>The only note I would like to make is that lexicography <br>deals only with one type of communication, namely <br>verbal communication.<br>The signs, the whistles, the noises, the gestures even they are a part of communication, they are no verbal communication. Only minimal part of<br>this which has high frequency enters to the dictionaries as interjections, <br>some of them (like `ta-ta') can be entered as slang expressions.<br>For the big works treating combinations of words and idioms there is a<br>special sub-genre of dictionaries, I have in mind monolingual or bilingual phraseological dictionaries.<br><br>Hayim Y. Sheynin<br><br><b><i>bolstar1 <bolstar1@yahoo.com></i></b> wrote:<blockquote class="replbq" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"> <!-- Network content --> <div id="ygrp-text"> <div>Hayim, Fritz, John, et al: <br> I mentioned that it is rather a tricky business categorizing <br> precise types of fixed phrases, as falling necessarily into one camp, <br> but not another. It becomes a question of typological imperative <br> (e.g. spacing for a particular publication)<wbr>, consensus among <br> lexicographers/<wbr>linguists, intention of speaker, and usefulness to the <br> masses. The balance in making typological units concise – yet <br> inclusive -- is also tricky. <br> This list exemplifies (though is far from comprehensive) the <br> point. I listed only emphatic reduplication organized around 1) the <br> nine main parts of speech – verbs, (modals), participles, adverbs, <br> nouns, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions, interjections, and <br> articles (only conjunctions are
omitted) and 2) around repeated <br> forms of reduplication (among the other forms mentioned). <br> Some of these reduplicates are used also for writing out <br> phonetically-<wbr>suggestive words (or sounds), 'echoing'. For example, an <br> echoic morph for the morpheme meaning "disapproval or annoyance" can <br> be the reduplicative `tsk-tsk', or `tut-tut' (perhaps a "lexeme" as <br> has been referred to lately) – and best being categorized as either <br> 1) a verb in the imperative mood – implied meaning of "Don't do <br> that." Or 2) a verb in the indicative mood, meaning "I am <br> disappointed in that!" Hence the `underlying "mood "of the verb (not <br> mood of the person) is up for grabs here. Or it could be categorized <br> as 3) an interjection – simply expressing disapproval, or an emotive <br> reaction, with no necessary lexical meat on its bones. If the <br> intention of the speaker had a truly "imperative" mood, then another <br> category would
fit, or be warranted, or be assumed. <br> A token morph for the morpheme/lexeme `farewell' can be spoken <br> and written as `ta-ta' (not emphatic, but demonstrating the point <br> still). On the other hand, a "sort-of word" (a whistle) for the <br> morpheme that expresses approval – as when a construction worker sees <br> an attractive woman walking by -- could be the reduplicative 'srrr-<br> whistle' with a rising whistle-tone…<wbr>immediately followed by the `srrr-<br> whistle' descending whistle-tone. Whether in spoken or in written <br> form, they need categorizing. An all-inclusive group for that would <br> be simply a reduplicative. But under that paradigm could be included <br> non-verbal reduplicatives. The operative question here is whether <br> there are enough of those non-verbal reduplicative emotive lexemes to <br> warrant a whole category. Sure there are, if one wants to group them. <br> (There are more of those, like "Uh-hu!" and "Uh-uh!" and
"Oh-oh! <br> And "Sheesh! <br> <br> Verbs <br> <br> never miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity (i.e. not take <br> advantage of things)<br> If I've told you once, I've told you a million times. (or '...a <br> thousand times)<br> <br> (Either) put up or shut up! <br> <br> pooh-pooh...<wbr>.(something) <br> <br> talk the talk (and walk the walk) <br> (If you talk the talk, walk the walk! <br> <br> Whatever will be, will be. <br> <br> Whatever happens, happens. <br> <br> Wink, wink. (interjection & nonverbal communication) <br> <br> tut-tut someone (verb)<br> <br> Modals <br> If I can do it, you can do it. <br> If I can do it, anyone can do it. <br> If we can send a man (men) to the moon, we can... <br> If they can put a man on the moon... <br> I would if I could but I can't. <br> <br> Participles <br> I'm dying if I'm lying. <br> If I'm lying, I'm dying. <br> keep on keeping on <br> "And it's a high fly ball to deep left
field...going.<wbr>..going..<wbr>.gone!"<br> <br> Adverbs <br> over and over (again) <br> "I've told you over and and over about that!" <br> <br> …blah, blah, blah. <br> et cetera, et cetera. <br> hurry-scurry <br> <br> Hamlet 2.02.311-315<br> <br> "What a piece of work is a<br> man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, <br> in form and moving how express and admirable, in<br> action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a<br> god: …"<br> It ain't over till it's over. <br> Never say never! <br> Never up, never in. (i.e. If the golf ball doesn't even reach the <br> hole, it can't go IN the hole.) <br> talk.../go..<wbr>./rattle.<wbr>.. on and on (about....(somethin<wbr>g) <br> <br> time after time<br> time and time again <br> <br> The more things change, the more they stay the same. <br> <br> The more you get, the more you want. <br> <br> Nouns <br> (that's) a no-no <br> <br> a slim Jim<br> Slim Jims ™ <br> <br> Surprise, surprise.
(ironic tone)<br> <br> (Let's) call a spade a spade. <br> <br> Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better. (noun & <br> adjective forms)<br> <br> fight fire with fire <br> <br> Location, location, location. (the key to successful real estate <br> planning)<br> <br> out-Herod Herod (someone) (proper noun used as a verb (function)) <br> <br> Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to drink. <br> <br> What's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. <br> <br> Pronouns <br> <br> Everyone who's anyone (will be there).<br> <br> not for nothing (did I...) (slang) <br> <br> 'Everybody's' business is 'nobody's' business. <br> <br> (for) you and you alone. <br> <br> I'm rubber, you're glue; what bounces off me sticks to you. <br> (rhyme) <br> <br> Adjectives <br> <br> Desperate diseases desperate remedies. <br> <br> a rootin'-tootin'<wbr>.... <br> a rooting-tooting…<wbr>; <br> a rootin', tootin', shootin'…) <br> <br> a
blankety-blank.<wbr>...(something) (expletive deleted) <br> <br> a super-duper.<wbr>...(something) <br> <br> First things first. <br> <br> (just) hunky-dory <br> Everything's junky-dory. <br> <br> Same old same old. <br> Same ol', same ol'. <br> <br> (went) sky-high <br> <br> Some men are born great, some men achievement, some men have <br> greatness thrust upon them. (Shakespeare) <br> <br> Prepositions <br> <br> In for a penny, in for a pound. (& alliteration) <br> <br> betwixt and between (two things)<br> <br> a little of this and a little of that<br> <br> Interjections <br> <br> Hell's bells! <br> Hell's bells and buckets of blood! <br> <br> Here, here! <br> <br> Hubba-hubba! <br> <br> Well, well. If it isn't....(someone)<wbr>. <br> <br> tsk-tsk someone (verb)<br> <br> Tsk-tsk! <br> <br> Tut-tut! <br> <br> Articles <br> <br> …'s the name, …'s the game. (definite article & rhyme) <br> <br> The more the merrier. (definite article -- 'the' &
alliteration) <br> <br> Where there's a will there's a way. (indefinite article 'a' & pronoun <br> & alliteration) <br> <br> -- Have fun "typing" these. There are many more where they came <br> from. <br> <br> Scott N.<br> <br> </div> </div> <!--End group email --> </blockquote><br><p>
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