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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear John<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>This strengthens the argument that
synonymy is at best only partial not complete and although many of the words
and phrases that we use are considered synonymous, it is a broad general term
which conveys that there is similarity, but not necessarily a direct
duplication of sense,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> between those items. I do think
that it is valid to look for ‘synonyms’ between different dialects
of the same language because it is this very difference, which usually has to
do with the geographic locations in which these dialects are spoken, that makes
them identifiable as such, even in the same country.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jeannette Allsopp<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>John Roberts<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Saturday, 18 October, 2008
5:33 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Lexicog] Re: Law of
synonyms</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>According
to the New Oxford Dictionary of English neither 'lift' and 'elevator' nor
'truck' and 'lorry' are referentially identical. In NODE the first meaning of
'elevator' is 'a machine consisting of an endless belt with scoops attached,
used typically for raising grain to be stored in an upper storey: e.g. a 'grain
elevator'.' NODE also notes that 'elevator' is the N. American term for 'lift'
in sense 1. This sense is given as 'something that is used for lifting' and in
Brit dialect 'a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and
lowering people or things to different floors or levels.' But this sense also
applies as subsenses in the terms 'ski lift' and 'shoe lift'. Both 'lift' and
'elevator' have multiple meanings and it is only in one particular usage that
the terms might be considered synonymous between the Brit and N. American
dialects, viz. when referring to 'a platform or compartment housed in a shaft
for raising and lowering people or things to different floors or levels.'<br>
<br>
However, 'lorry' only refers to a road vehicle, while 'truck' has a wider
meaning and can refer to both road and rail vehicles. There are also
expressions where only 'lorry' can be used, e.g. 'fell off the back of a lorry'
meaning 'obtain in dubious circumstances,<wbr>' and the tongue twister 'red
lorry, yellow lorry.' So again the point of synonymy comes specifically when a
Brit uses 'lorry' where a N. American would use 'truck' to refer to the same
object.<br>
<br>
So 'lift' and 'elevator', and 'lorry' and 'truck' cannot be considered exact
synonyms because they are not interchangeable in all contexts. They are only
interchangeable in a very limited context. Even then, I think I would only
substitute 'elevator' for 'lift' in some N. American influenced context and
likewise 'truck' for 'lorry'.<br>
<br>
But is it valid to look for 'synonyms' between different dialects of a
language? If so, then all the 'Englishes' spoken in the world today should
provide a host of synonymous expressions between these 'Englishes'.<br>
<br>
John Roberts<br>
<br>
<br>
Benjamin Barrett wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'
cite="mid:6F4500BD-D648-462F-BD9F-E12A9434C57D@ix.netcom.com" type=cite>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Even these might be different, though. Lift has meanings separate from
elevator, which are surely used in both regions. Similarly, truck has multiple
meanings other than just lorry. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Finding examples without those problems still leaves the problem that
the idealized or typical image of a truck is probably different from that of a
lorry due to differences in the models/sizes of the vehicles in the respective
countries, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>It still might be possible to find perfect synonyms in different
dialects, but it might prove to be a difficult task. BB<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>On Oct 17, 2008, at 11:15 PM, <a href="mailto:rtroike@email.arizona.edu"
moz=true>rtroike@email.<wbr>arizona.edu</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><font size=2 color=black
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:black'><br>
One ! dimension that has been neglected in this discussion is regional<br
yle="line-height: 1.22em; ">
difference. There are numerous cases in most, probably all, languages<br>
(provided that they are spoken by more than one person, or perhaps<br>
one community) where there are regionally different equivalents for<br>
the same object/activity/<wbr>condition. British vs American English furnishes<br>
numerous examples: lorry vs truck, lift vs elevator, etc., etc. Surely<br>
these are exact synonyms, either abstractly or for those who know both,<br>
and the contexts of usage would be the same in different speech-communities.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=1 color=black
face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
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</blockquote>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'></span><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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