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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>FLEx allows you to create new lexical
relations. However this does not solve your problem. The big problem with
lexical relations is that they are over-generalizations based on similarities
in pairs (or sets) of words. For instance the part-whole relation can be
applied to things as diverse as human body parts, parts of a car, and perhaps
even parts of an event. But human body parts are not easily divided from one
another and therefore have indeterminate (fuzzy) boundaries. The parts of a car
can generally be disassembled and therefore have a very different relationship
to the other parts surrounding them. Parts also can have functions. So the
engine of a car has a different relation to the whole than does the paint. To
say that the relationship of ‘engine’ to ‘car’ is
part:whole is a gross over-simplification. That isn’t to say that lexical
relations aren’t useful. But you have to be very careful to understand
the semantics of each word and the precise relation between them. It is nice to
be able to say that the agent:activity relation is exemplified by the pairs
builder:build, writer:write, architect:design. But when you start getting
specific about the precise relation, you find that a builder may not actually
build anything. He may just supervise the carpenters and other subcontractors
who actually do the building. A writer may use a laptop. So the precise sense
of ‘write’ may be ‘to author a document’.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>When we look closely at pairs such as
slip:slippery, we have to define each word. It helps to start with the
theoretical notion of a scenario. With ‘slip’ we need to put the
word in a frame such as “John slipped and fell on the wet sidewalk.”
First we have a surface on which John was walking. (He might have just been standing,
but we’ll assume walking.) Second we need some lubricant, in this case
water. Third we assume he was on his feet and that the traction between his
feet (presumably shoes) and the sidewalk was not sufficient to keep his feet
where he planted them.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>Next we look at ‘slippery’.
Take the sentence, “Watch out, the sidewalk is slippery.” Here we
have the same surface as in the previous example sentence. We have the same
lubricant. We could have also chosen the example sentence, “This oil is
slippery,” in which we would have had a very different frame. Or how
about the sentence, “My mother is getting feeble and has trouble holding
onto slippery glasses when she is doing the dishes.” So
‘slippery’ has a variety of frames and therefore a general meaning.
But even if we limit the meaning to “the sidewalk is slippery”, we
have some serious difficulties in describing the relation between
‘slip’ and ‘slippery’. Let’s define both, but
limit the sense to the sentences “John slipped and fell…” and
“…the sidewalk is slippery.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>slip v. 1) to accidentally slide a short
distance quickly because the surface on which you are standing is lubricated by
some liquid or substance such as sand, especially when sliding in this way
causes you to lose your balance and fall.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>slippery adj. 1) if a surface such as a
sidewalk is slippery, it does not provide much traction because it has a wet or
oily substance on it that makes it easy for an object to slide on it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>Now we can start looking at the actual
lexical relation that exists between ‘slip’ and
‘slippery’. The practice of indicating a lexical relation by
putting the two words together with a colon between them (slip:slippery) is
misleading. Lexical relations are between the meanings of two lexemes, not
between their forms. So to be more precise, the lexical relation between these
meanings is actually:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>to accidentally slide a short distance
quickly because the surface on which you are standing is lubricated by some
liquid or substance such as sand, especially when sliding in this way causes
you to lose your balance and fall:if a surface such as a sidewalk is slippery,
it does not provide much traction because it has a wet or oily substance on it
that makes it easy for an object to slide on it<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>Once you recognize this little fact, it
becomes obvious why lexical relations are illusions. Try to find two other
words that have the same relation as that expressed in the previous paragraph. It
turns out that the lexical relation between any two words is absolutely unique,
because the meanings of the two words are unique.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>So why do we even bother talking about
lexical relations? It is because our minds have the amazing ability to
generalize and see patterns in the confusing mass of details around us. The
notion of ‘part of (sth)’ is a generality that we can apply to
“My finger is a part of my body,” and “The engine is part of
the car.” So for us to talk about a lexical relation, we need a
generalized concept that we can apply to numerous pairs (or sets) of words.
What generalized concept can be applied to the meanings of ‘slip’
and ‘slippery’? It isn’t event:location. It isn’t
event:cause. The best I can come up with is:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>event:causative property of object
associated with event<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>Can we think of other examples? How about
cut:sharp, crush:heavy? But thinking of examples like this requires a lot
analytical thought. The relationship is too complex and not frequent enough.
For a lexical relation to be useful it has to be fairly simple and it has to be
common (there have to be lots of pairs of words that are related in a similar
way).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>I prefer to deal with semantic domains.
Many domains refer to a scenario. A culture/language conceptualizes many
scenarios. Each scenario has a set of lexemes that refer to or describe various
aspects of the scenario. So one way to look at lexicography is to identify each
scenario and describe how each lexeme associated with the scenario relates to
the whole. Step 1—identify a scenario. Step 2—collect all the lexemes
that belong to the scenario. Step 3—describe the scenario. Step 4—describe
how each lexeme relates to the overall scenario and to the other lexemes in the
scenario. If you look at the FrameNet website, you will see one approach to
what I am talking about.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'>Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>lengosi<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, April 27, 2009 10:22
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] lexical
relation</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div style='float:left;z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>What kind of lexical relation would be recommended for
the following?<br>
<br>
/madali/ Vsta 's.t. is slippery'<br>
/sororo/ Vi 's.o. slips'<br>
<br>
I'm using FLEx which provides "paired" sets of:<br>
<br>
instrument / action<br>
process / result<br>
undergoer / verb<br>
<br>
but none of these quite seem to fit. There is the rather generic Counterpart
relation, but this seems more specific than that. Any ideas would be welcome.
Thanks,<br>
<br>
Paul<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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