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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Hi Heather,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>I would recommend that you look at the
FrameNet (<a href="http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/">http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/</a>)
website. It lists a variety of lexical sets that share a common set of semantic
case roles. Each case role is marked in the grammar by a variety of surface
forms (word order, affixes, or adpositions). The study of adpositions is essentially
noting which semantic case roles are marked by each adposition. The meaning of
an adposition is specific to each verb, noun, or adjective that it is used
with. For instance “We drove *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>by</span></b>*
your house but didn’t stop.” (movement past a point) “I’ll
send the document *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>by</span></b>* fax.”
(the means of sending something) “The window is two feet *<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>by</span></b>* three feet.” (dimensions/measurement)
“A book *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>by</span></b>* Agatha Christy.”
(creator/author) “This job is difficult *<b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>by</span></b>* any standard.” (scale used to rank attributes)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Your dictionary (ideally) should indicate the
frame of each verb and how each case is marked grammatically. You can do this
in the definition or using example sentences. For instance:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>drain v. (1) For a liquid (such as water)
to empty *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>out of/from</span></b>* a container
(by flowing through a hole or exit point). ‘The water drained *<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>from</span></b>* the sink.’ (2) For a container
to empty (that is, to have a hole or exit point through which a liquid flows). ‘The
sink is draining slowly.’ (3) For a hole or exit point to provide a way
for liquid to flow from a container. ‘This pipe drains the sink.’
(4) For someone to empty a liquid *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>out of/from</span></b>*
a container liquid (by causing it to flow out of a hole or exit point). ‘The
plumber drained the water *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>from</span></b>*
the sink.’ (5) For someone to empty a container *<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>of</span></b>* a liquid (by causing it to flow out of
a hole or exit point). ‘The plumber drained the sink *<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>of</span></b>* water.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>It is often difficult to indicate the case
frame of a verb in the definition. So it is almost always necessary to indicate
it in an example sentence. Otherwise the definition becomes long or requires
unnatural wording.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>In a bilingual dictionary you can often
insert an adposition into the definition. In the following definition (from my
Greek dictionary) the “para or Dative” indicates that “someone”
is marked by the preposition “para” or the Dative case:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>adunateo v. (For something) to be
impossible for (para or Dative) someone.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>I realize this is deep linguistic theory. I
hope it is sufficiently clear.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Heather Souter<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Sunday, December 06, 2009
2:21 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] Basic Question
about Determining Semantics of Adpositions....</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Taanshi, hello,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I am interested in where I could find information (preferably
accessible online) on what questions to keep in mind when looking at sentences
containing adpositions in an underdocumented language. I have some
ideas about what to look for by looking and comparing collocations, but I would
like to be systematic and do work that would be considered at least
"decent" work by a professional linguist. I am
working on my own heritage language but have done no linguistics courses(yet!<wbr>)
in either semantics or lexicography.<wbr>... Your help would be
appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Kihci-marsii! Thank-you very much!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Eekoshi pitamaa. That is it for now!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Heather Souter<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Camperville</span></font></st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">MB</st1:State>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place><font
color=blue><span style='color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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