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<tt>Following up on Ron's point, the book <i>The Oxford Guide to
Practical Lexicography</i>, by Sue Atkins and Michael Rundell, contains
a detailed description of how to gather together <b>constructions</b>
for each of the major parts of speech. Sue also has been a long-time
collaborator of Chuck Fillmore on FrameNet, and the book provides some
discussion of an appropriate perspective on linguistic theory,
including frame semantics.</tt><br>
<br>
Ronald Moe wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:E0376092417342599A847D4DE37388EE@Ronwork"
type="cite">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">Hi Heather,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">I would recommend
that you look at the
FrameNet (<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/">http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/</a>)
website. It lists a variety of lexical sets that share a common set of
semantic
case roles. Each case role is marked in the grammar by a variety of
surface
forms (word order, affixes, or adpositions). The study of adpositions
is essentially
noting which semantic case roles are marked by each adposition. The
meaning of
an adposition is specific to each verb, noun, or adjective that it is
used
with. For instance “We drove *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">by</span></b>*
your house but didn’t stop.” (movement past a point) “I’ll
send the document *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">by</span></b>*
fax.”
(the means of sending something) “The window is two feet *<b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">by</span></b>* three feet.”
(dimensions/measurement)
“A book *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">by</span></b>* Agatha
Christy.”
(creator/author) “This job is difficult *<b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">by</span></b>* any standard.” (scale used
to rank attributes)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">Your dictionary
(ideally) should indicate the
frame of each verb and how each case is marked grammatically. You can
do this
in the definition or using example sentences. For instance:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">drain v. (1) For
a liquid (such as water)
to empty *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">out of/from</span></b>* a
container
(by flowing through a hole or exit point). ‘The water drained *<b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">from</span></b>* the sink.’ (2) For a
container
to empty (that is, to have a hole or exit point through which a liquid
flows). ‘The
sink is draining slowly.’ (3) For a hole or exit point to provide a way
for liquid to flow from a container. ‘This pipe drains the sink.’
(4) For someone to empty a liquid *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">out
of/from</span></b>*
a container liquid (by causing it to flow out of a hole or exit point).
‘The
plumber drained the water *<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">from</span></b>*
the sink.’ (5) For someone to empty a container *<b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">of</span></b>* a liquid (by causing it to
flow out of
a hole or exit point). ‘The plumber drained the sink *<b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">of</span></b>* water.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">It is often
difficult to indicate the case
frame of a verb in the definition. So it is almost always necessary to
indicate
it in an example sentence. Otherwise the definition becomes long or
requires
unnatural wording.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">In a bilingual
dictionary you can often
insert an adposition into the definition. In the following definition
(from my
Greek dictionary) the “para or Dative” indicates that “someone”
is marked by the preposition “para” or the Dative case:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">adunateo v. (For
something) to be
impossible for (para or Dative) someone.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">I realize this is
deep linguistic theory. I
hope it is sufficiently clear.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;">Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="blue" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: blue;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font
face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr tabindex="-1" align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font
face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Heather Souter<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Sunday, December
06, 2009
2:21 PM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a></st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog]
Basic Question
about Determining Semantics of Adpositions....</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div id="ygrp-mlmsg">
<div style="z-index: 1;" id="ygrp-msg">
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Taanshi, hello,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">I am interested in where I could find
information (preferably
accessible online) on what questions to keep in mind when looking at
sentences
containing adpositions in an underdocumented language. I have some
ideas about what to look for by looking and comparing collocations, but
I would
like to be systematic and do work that would be considered at least
"decent" work by a professional linguist. I am
working on my own heritage language but have done no linguistics
courses(yet!<wbr>)
in either semantics or lexicography.<wbr>... Your help would be
appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Kihci-marsii! Thank-you very much!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Eekoshi pitamaa. That is it for now!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Heather Souter<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font
face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Camperville</span></font></st1:City>,
<st1:State w:st="on">MB</st1:State>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place><font
color="blue"><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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</blockquote>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Ken Litkowski TEL.: 301-482-0237
CL Research EMAIL: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:ken@clres.com">ken@clres.com</a>
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