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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#002060'>And one more thing from W's brother who
has a PhD in English literature:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I'm pretty sure that the vowel sound in 'plough' has always rhymed with
'now', though these have not always sounded the same as they do today (if that
makes sense?). whether there's been some sort of consonant at the end of it
is possible, but wouldn't affect the vowel sound--for instance 'enough' could
variably be spelled, at least in 16th c. poetry, 'enow'--dependent on the 'w'
and the 'gh' indicating a sort of gargle that really would be optional in
pronunciation (think of the name mcdonogh, where the 'gh' can be a sort of back
of the throat fricative or just not pronounced). (This is a little tricky
bc of regional dialects in the british isles, though--there is one entry in the
oxford english dictionary (OED) from scotland in the 13th c where it looks
like the vowel might have been more 'uh' than 'ow'. that was a long time
ago, though, in a barbarous place).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I'm sort of skeptical that plough mud could be used as fertilizer
(despite the fact that it stinks) given that it sits in salt water half the
day. but somebody else would know that better than i.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>as to the real question, why is plough mud called that, no idea.
here's what the OED gives as one entry for 'pluff':<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>B.</span></font></b></strong> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>adj.</span></i><a name=50181851def8></a> Puffed
up, swollen; soft, spongy. Also <i><span style='font-style:italic'>fig.</span></i>
Now chiefly in <a name=50181851se1></a><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>pluff
mud</span></b> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>n.</span></i> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>U.S.</span></i> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>regional</span></i>
(chiefly <i><span style='font-style:italic'>S. Carolina</span></i>) a type of
soft, silty mud found in tidal marshes. Cf. <a
href="http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2110/cgi/crossref?query_type=word&queryword=pluff&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&search_id=Hxzh-195xA2-5684&result_place=1&xrefword=pluffy&ps=adj."
target="_top"
title="blocked::http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2110/cgi/crossref?query_type=word&queryword=pluff&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&search_id=Hxzh-195xA2-5684&result_place=1&xrefword=pluffy&ps=adj.">PLUFFY</a>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>adj.</span></i> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a name=50181851q24></a><b><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>1673</span></font></b>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Answer to Seasonable Disc.</span></i> 11 All
of you look'd as pluffe and big upon the Layty, as starch it self could make
you. <a name=50181851q25></a><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>1853</span></b> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Southern Q. Rev.</span></i> Apr. 513 At the depth of
thirteen feet the blue, tenacious, pluff-mud and shells of a more ancient
geological epoch are reached. <a name=50181851q26></a><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>1855</span></b> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Littell's
Living Age</span></i> 3 Feb. 291/2 Pluff, puffed up or plumped up, as a spongy
substance... A bag of feathers is pluff. <a name=50181851q27></a><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>1880</span></b> <a
href="http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2110/help/bib/oed2-c4.html#t-q-couch"
target=oedbib
title="blocked::http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2110/help/bib/oed2-c4.html#t-q-couch"><font
color="#002653"><span style='color:#002653'>T. Q. COUCH</span></font></a> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>East Cornwall Words</span></i> 97 An old turnip is
said to be <i><span style='font-style:italic'>pluff</span></i>. <a
name=50181851q28></a><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>1937</span></b> <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Washington Post</span></i> 9 June 8/7 As the
fragrance of burning peat to the Irishman, so is the smell of pluff mud to the
coastal South Carolinian. <a name=50181851q29></a><b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>2001</span></b> J. WATERMAN <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Arctic
Crossing</span></i> III. 272 Holding tightly to land, I get stuck repeatedly in
pluff mud.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>we could then easily attribute the respelling of pluff to plough to the
literacy of our ancestors. so that the spelling 'plough' comes about
because of spelling pluff (i.e. puffy) with an ough (like rough) rather than it
having anything to do with plowing. This explanation is more satisfying
to me, but still somewhat tenuous. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>To really find out the answer, i'm afraid, would require an awful lot
of research involving reading old documents from the lowcountry.<font
color="#002060"><span style='color:#002060'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com [mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Crockett<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, May 25, 2010 5:47
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Lexicog] plough mud<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>I checked with some friends from Charleston and here is what
they said in several emails numbered in order below:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>#1: From: R - All I know is that now, it is in fact pronounced
“pluff” and is a terrible and beautiful smell to me at the same time. Smells
like the marsh. I have never heard it pronounced any other way, and both of us
have family that still say many things the “old way.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>#2: From R - The only place we have this stuff is in the
marsh…which is full of salt. The only things we ever see growing there
are marsh grass and fiddler crabs. Granted, there are a lot of old rice
patties in Charleston. Still, they don’t grow in “pluff” mud. I
cannot imagine plowing anything that grows in that stuff, and it does seem very
different from the dirt that is left behind after normal plants are plowed (my
grandparents were farmers). Another thought is, having grown up visiting
a low country farm a lot, I never heard my grandparents refer to mud there as
plow or pluff mud. W’s grandparents were farmers too (and W’s family
lived on the pluff mud). He agrees that pluff mud is specific to the
marshes and is not connected to farming (at least now). We will call W’s
dad who is the only person we know who might possibly have some other take on
this. W suggests that you try and find the German root of the word and
see what you come up with. We’ll let you know if we get anything from W’s
dad.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>#3: From R - Looked it up, and rice did, in fact, grow in pluff
mud<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>#4: From R's mom - </span></font><font color="#002060"><span
lang=EN style='color:#002060'>I asked W's dad and he has no clue, but the
plough concept does not work for me. Pluff Mud is salt water. Marsh
grass is about the only plant that grows in it. Plowing it makes no
sense. Below is a brief description of the rice cultivation along coastal
SC and from what you can see at places like Middleton, there was no plowing
that occurred. Rice is the only other thing that I am aware ever grew in
pluff mud. For someone who has experienced getting his feet in the mud,
it does make a popping sound when the foot is pulled out.</span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#002060'>This prime, quality soil, abundant for
hundreds of square miles around Charleston, was one of the reasons that in the
1700's and 1800's rice production became by far the city's most important
industry. The quality of the crop was unsurpassed, and several well-known
varieties came from the area, such as one known as <a
href="http://www.charlestonwiki.org/index.php?title=Carolina_Gold&action=edit"
title="Carolina Gold"><font color="#002060"><span style='color:#002060'>Carolina
Gold</span></font></a>. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#002060'>The soft soil couldn't support the types
of farming machinery available at the time. But in Charleston, where slave
labor was used to work the fields, this was not a major problem. Rice had been
being cultivated in Africa for hundreds of years so most of the slaves arriving
in Charleston already had the knowledge they needed to be efficient workers. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#002060'>After the Civil War rice produced in
Charleston could no longer compete on the open market due to the expensive cost
of labor to work the fields. Louisiana, however, had soil very similar to
Charlestons' but not quite as soft. Machinery could be used there and Louisiana
still produces a large cash crop of rice each year. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#002060'><a href="http://www.charlestonwiki.org/Middleton_Place"
title="Middleton Place"><font color="#002060"><span style='color:#002060'>Middleton
Place Plantation</span></font></a> in Charleston still has a preserved section
of rice field which is kept up somewhat but not on a scale large enough to be
profitable. It is mainly used for education and tourism purposes. </span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:#002060'>#5: From R: </span>I think my mom makes a good point
here. Also, my mother in law says it's called pluff mud because of the
sound it makes when you walk on it. I read somewhere else that “pluff” is
the sound things make when they fall in it. Very true. Not sure if this
has anything to do with the name or if it is just common thought, but that’s
the word on the street at least. <o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color="#002060" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
color:#002060'>Crockett<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On
Behalf Of </span></b>David Frank<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, May 24, 2010 10:23
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] plough mud</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>I was in Charleston, SC, last week, a friend of mine who is a
researcher and an author but not a linguist asked me to help make some sense
out of the term "plough mud," pronounced and sometimes spelled
"pluff mud." You can do a Google search if you want to see more about
how the term is used. This term seems to be local to Charleston.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>Plough mud is dark brown silty mud that reportedly can be used
as fertilizer. I was asked whether perhaps "plough" (plow) was pronounced
a couple hundred years ago with an /f/ sound at the end, rhyming with English
"rough." I said that I didn't know, but I would try to find out.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>What we do know is that "plough mud" and "pluff
mud" refer to the same thing, and that the latter spelling is more
representative of its pronunciation.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>What we don't know is if this term really had anything to do
with plowing. That could be a folk etymology.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>Another thing I don't know is whether "plough" was
ever pronounced, in the past, perhaps dialectally, like "pluff." It
is a reasonable guess, based on analogy with "rough," but a
reasonable guess isn't good enough. In fact, the little bit of etymological
research I have done has not shown that to be a pronunciation.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>Does anyone reading this know the answer? Or else, does anybody
know how to find out the answer?</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'>-- David</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
color:#1F497D'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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