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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>A template is any kind of form or pattern
that can be used to create multiple copies of something. In manufacturing a
template might be a metal form used to make many identical parts. A mold for
pottery is a kind of template. A stencil is a kind of template. Children can
use plastic stencils that have different kinds of shapes cut out of them. A
child can draw around the cut out shape (for instance a square, circle, or
triangle) to create many images of the shape on a piece of paper.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>The kind of template I am creating is a
dictionary database that is partially filled in. For instance there may be 50
languages in a country. Education officials might want to produce a simple
bilingual glossary for each language that contains a standard list of words in
the national language with a gloss for the local language. What is the most
efficient way to do this? First, someone creates a list of 5,000 words in the
national language. Then someone adds part of speech and an indication of what
sense of each word should be glossed. For instance the English word ‘wind’
has several meanings and the one needed for the glossaries might be ‘blowing
air’. But we might want to create another entry for ‘to wrap
something around an object’. Rather than make 50 people do all this work,
we can have one person do all the work on the English/national language words. Then
we have 50 people, one from each local language, supply the glosses.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>I’m currently developing the database
in Toolbox because I already have a lot of information in Toolbox databases
that I can use. Here are two sample entries from my template:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\lx wind<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\rank 01,096<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\ps n<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\is 1.1.3.1<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\sd Wind<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\lx wind<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\rank 02,686<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\ps v<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\is 7.3.7.2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\sd Wrap<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>The first line is the English word, the
second is the frequency ranking (‘the’ is the most frequent word in
English and has the rank of ‘1’), the third is the grammatical
category, and the fourth and fifth lines are the semantic domain that the word/sense
belongs to. Eventually I would like to have a simple definition and example
sentence for each word. For instance:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\de air that is moving<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>\xe The clouds brought wind but no rain.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Such definitions would have to be tested.
It may be difficult to translate a definition or example sentence. So we would
need to work on definition styles and think about what kind of example
sentences would be good in a language learner’s dictionary. Ideally I
would like to use a dictionary that is already published. But that would
require getting permission from the publisher.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>My database currently has the top 20,000
English words. But a user might want only the top 5,000. So the template needs
to be developed starting with the most frequent words. I am refining the list
of headwords. The grammatical category field is accurate. All the words have
been assigned to at least one semantic domain, but I need to refine the
semantic domains. I’ve added about 150 definitions and example sentences
for the most common words.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>I want to distribute the template using
WeSay, which is very easy for non-linguists to use. People would be able to
download the WeSay database from the internet, add glosses, and then upload the
database back to the website. There is already a website for this (LanguageDepot)
and software (Chorus) to merge additions back into the master database. For
instance someone could add a Swahili gloss for each of the English words. Then
each language in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Tanzania</st1:place></st1:country-region>
could download the database and produce a trilingual Vernacular-Swahili-English
glossary. All that would be required of the end user would be to add a
vernacular gloss for each entry. Printing and publishing could be standardized.
We already have ways of preparing the book for publication. I saw someone
demonstrate this process. It only took an hour to prepare the dictionary for
printing. Preparing the cover and front matter would take some time, but could
be standardized within a country. So the goal is to have a (relatively) low-tech,
easy to use template that can be used over and over to mass produce simple
glossaries.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Someone could also use the template to
produce an English-vernacular dictionary. This would require us to add
definitions and example sentences in English, which would then be translated
into the vernacular.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>Ron Moe<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>tots cool<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, August 26, 2011 5:43
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Lexicog] english
word lists</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div style='z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'>Dear
Ron Moe,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'>What
do you mean when you say template? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'>Sittie<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=4 color=black
face=Garamond><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Garamond;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>
<hr size=1 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><b><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> Ronald
Moe <<st1:PersonName w:st="on">ron_moe@sil.org</st1:PersonName>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, August 26, 2011
12:39 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Lexicog] english
word lists</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=3 color=blue
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:blue'>I’m
developing a word list that will serve as the basis of an English-vernacular
dictionary or glossary (where “vernacular” is replaced by any
language of the world). I’m basing the list on a frequency list from the
Corpus of Contemporary American English. It looks like there are some flaws in
the frequency list, so I’ll have to supplement it with words taken from
language learners dictionaries. I’m currently classifying the words by
semantic domain. That task is not done. I haven’t gotten very far in
defining the words and would appreciate help in developing the database. I
would be interested in collaboration on developing a template for bilingual
dictionaries.</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>
[mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Martin Benjamin<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, August 25, 2011
5:58 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Lexicog] english word
lists</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>I'm compiling
a file of various "essential" lists of English words to <br>
use as a reference point for determining common concepts for a <br>
multilingual dictionary. The lists that a term belongs to will be <br>
associated with the dictionary entries, so you'll be able to <br>
cross-reference, for example, Swadesh list glosses for any language in <br>
the dictionary.<br>
<br>
Are there any lists not included below that should be added? Some of the <br>
lists below are based on frequency, some on core concepts. All can be <br>
cited for flaws or subjectivity. But in the aggregate, they at least <br>
provide a pretty good starting point for what someone would want in a <br>
bilingual dictionary with English, and potentially could be a useful <br>
tool for study across languages.<br>
<br>
I'll put the final file online as a google doc and send a notice with <br>
the address to Lexicog.<br>
<br>
So please, what lists would you include, and how can I access them? Here <br>
are those I've got already:<br>
<br>
Comparative African Word List (SIL)<br>
Reading Teachers List (1000 words from corpus frequency) <br>
<a href="http://kamu.si/qNfQDA" target="_blank">http://kamu.si/qNfQDA</a><br>
Clear English Most Commonly Used Words ( <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">US</st1:place></st1:country-region> ) <a href="http://kamu.si/riVPsV"
target="_blank">http://kamu.si/riVPsV</a><br>
General Service List (1995 version) <a href="http://jbauman.com/gsl.html"
target="_blank">http://jbauman.com/gsl.html</a><br>
Dolch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolch_Word_List" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolch_Word_List</a><br>
Swadesh <a href="http://kamu.si/nO2jyA" target="_blank">http://kamu.si/nO2jyA</a><br>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ogden</st1:place></st1:City> 's Basic
English (extended) <a href="http://kamu.si/pgGDhs" target="_blank">http://kamu.si/pgGDhs</a><br>
Academic Word List <a href="http://kamu.si/oSlYet" target="_blank">http://kamu.si/oSlYet</a><br>
VOA Special English <a href="http://www.manythings.org/voa/words.htm"
target="_blank">http://www.manythings.org/voa/words.htm</a><br>
<br>
Many thanks,<br>
Martin Benjamin<br>
<a href="mailto:martin%40kamusi.org" target="_blank"
ymailto="mailto:martin%40kamusi.org">martin@kamusi.org</a><br>
<br>
-- <br>
________________________________________________<br>
<br>
Dr. Martin Benjamin<br>
Executive Director, Kamusi Project International<br>
<a href="http://kamusi.org" target="_blank">http://kamusi.org</a><br>
<br>
Full contact information, social networks, blog and photos:<br>
<a href="http://about.me/martin.benjamin" target="_blank">http://about.me/martin.benjamin</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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