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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Yes, I'm sure that the phenomenon is not as rare as you might
think. I have examples from Mawa [mcw], a Chadic language of Chad, wherein a
stop (plosive), voiced or voiceless, becomes a nasal when in contact with a
nasal:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>/ɟoop-no/ 'cover-me' -> [ɟoomno]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>/at-no/ 'stomach-my' -> [anno]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>/pooc-ne/ 'take.care.of-us' -> [poo</span><span lang=IS
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>ɲne]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>/kog-no/ 'scratch-me' -> [koŋno]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>/kuɟ-ne/ 'extinguish-us' -> [kuɲne]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>cf. /bəra-no/ 'throat-my' -> [bərano]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>However, this is perceived by native speakers as a 'superficial'
effect (they are produced by a postlexical rule from the perspective of theory),
and is not reflected in the practical orthography: the speakers prefer to write
these consonants as stops orthographically, not as nasals, even though that is
the way they are pronounced in this context.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=IS style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Jim Roberts<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com [mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 10:16 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Another example, briefly, from Konni of
Ghana, again affecting /r/:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>/gim-ri/ </span><span style='font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D'>à</span><span style='font-size:
11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> [ginni] ‘sparrow-the’ (cf. /daa-ri/ </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D'>à</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> [daari] ‘day-the’)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>I’m sure there are more around the
world!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Mike</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'> <a
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 8:28 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>Hanjabam Surmango Shama:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>In response to your question: can a
nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a nasal? </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2498">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>Yes, a nasal vowel followed by the
consonant “r” naturally affects it to sound as an “n.” Further, a
nasal vowel will affect a succeeding vowel to sound as a nasual.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>In Báxoje Jiwére language (Oklahoma,
Kansas, Nebraska), a Siouan language:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>-- rúmi (buy s.t.) ~ hin<u>númi</u>wi
(we buy it) [hin-...wi (we) + rúmi (buy) </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>-- Where two vowels are separated by “h, w,
y, or glottal stop (^)” nasalization goes across both vowels. Note:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>pahí (sharp) > pahínhin (thorn); </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'>yán (sleep) > ayán ~ anyán
(bed; lay on)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:blue'> ki^ín (gamble) >
kin^ín (gamble; try)</span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;color:blue'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'> <a
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com"
title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>Sent:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 4:58 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>To:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'> <a
href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com"
title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">yahoogroups</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:whitesmoke'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'>Subject:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:black'> [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2370">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'>Dear All,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2387">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2466">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'>I invite your suggestions to the
point at which I am curious is -- can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant
as the later becomes a nasal?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2498">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
background:white'><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2504">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'>thanks</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2510">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'>surmangol</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2454">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1445939385630_2453">
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
background:white'><span style='color:black'>---------------------------------
Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department of Linguistics Manipur University,
Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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