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<div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, Sans-Serif;font-size:16px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18431" dir="ltr">Thanks to all for your response to my query. I would like to discuss a little more in the same line by citing examples from Manipuri/Meithei (T-B language). Let's consider the following:</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18875" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18883" dir="ltr">1. ma <font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_20052" color="#9d1811"> tapna </font> <font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_19723" color="#9d1811">tapna </font> lak-i</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18978" dir="ltr"> 3sg be.slow-Adv be.slow-Adv come-Asp 'He comes very slowly'.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_20150" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_20166" dir="ltr">In (1) tapna tapna 'very slowly (approx.)' is a case of duplication and this can be contracted in connected speech as in (2) below.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_20507" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_20508" dir="ltr">(2) ma <font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21136" color="#9d1811">tam </font><font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21866" color="#9d1811"> </font> <font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21867" color="#9d1811">tapna</font> lak-i 'He comes very slowly'.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21088" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21089" dir="ltr">In (2), the first word of the duplication is seen as having 'm' (nasal) as the final segment. <br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22005" dir="ltr">How does /<font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22088" color="#9d1811">p</font>/ changes to /<font color="#9d1811">m</font>/, I suppose, is due to the influence of the following /n/. <br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21755" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21877" dir="ltr">Further, the contraction may be extended to the second member of the duplication as in (3)</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21878" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21882" dir="ltr">(3) ma <font class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21136" color="#9d1811">tam </font><font class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21866" color="#9d1811"> </font> <font class="" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21867" color="#9d1811">tam</font> lak-i 'He comes very slowly'</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21752" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21753" dir="ltr">Any other possible explanation is sought.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22002" dir="ltr"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22003" dir="ltr">Thanks</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22054" dir="ltr">surmangol<br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18266"><span></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18884"> </div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18885" class="signature">--------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR</div> <br><div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div style="display: block;" class="yahoo_quoted"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> On Wednesday, 28 October 2015 6:35 AM, "Patrick C patrick.chew@gmail.com [lexicographylist]" <lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <br><br> <div class="y_msg_container"><div id="yiv8133629589"><div>
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<div></div><div><span></span></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div>To dovetail with previous answers, Korean shows the following:<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Sino-Korean</div><div>sam ri > sam ni "three ri ('miles')" (三里 삼리)<br clear="none"></div><div>haeng-ri > haeng-ni "luggage" (行李 행리) [obs.?]<br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>native-Korean:</div><div><-pnita> = [-mnida] -ㅂ니다</div><div>formal polite verb ending, eg:</div><div>ha- "to do" > hamnida 합니다</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>other verb endings that cause the same sandhi effect:</div><div><-ni> : <ka-ss-ni> = [kanni] (갔니 "(you) went?")</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><-ne> : <eops-ne> = [eomne] (없네 "there isn't any...")</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><-neun-> : <meok-neun-de> = [meongneunde] (먹는데 "even though X eat(s)")</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>cheers,</div><div>-Patrick</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div></div><div class="yiv8133629589gmail_extra"><br clear="none"><div class="yiv8133629589gmail_quote"><div><br clear="none"><br clear="none">Apologies for typos - typed with my thumbs and subject to autocorrect in the most amusing of ways. (i.e. on my iPhone)</div>On Tue, Oct 27, 2015 at 7:15 AM, Mike Cahill <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Mike_Cahill@sil.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:Mike_Cahill@sil.org">Mike_Cahill@sil.org</a> [lexicographylist] <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>></span> wrote:<br clear="none"><div class="yiv8133629589yqt1188471980" id="yiv8133629589yqt15244"><blockquote class="yiv8133629589gmail_quote" style="border-left:1px #ccc solid;">
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<div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;">Another example, briefly, from Konni of Ghana, again affecting /r/:</span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;">/gim-ri/ </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1f497d;">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;"> [ginni] ‘sparrow-the’ (cf. /daa-ri/ </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1f497d;">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;"> [daari] ‘day-the’)</span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;"> </span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;">I’m sure there are more around the world!</span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;"> </span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;">Mike</span></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1f497d;"> </span></div><div><div style="border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a> [mailto:<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>] <br clear="none"><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 8:28 AM<br clear="none"><b>To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a><br clear="none"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span></div></div></div><span class="yiv8133629589class"></span><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"> </div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">Hanjabam Surmango Shama:</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">In response to your question: can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a nasal? </span></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">Yes, a nasal vowel followed by the consonant “r” naturally affects it to sound as an “n.” Further, a nasal vowel will affect a succeeding vowel to sound as a nasual.</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">In Báxoje Jiwére language (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska), a Siouan language:</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">-- rúmi (buy s.t.) ~ hin<u>númi</u>wi (we buy it) [hin-...wi (we) + rúmi (buy) </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">-- Where two vowels are separated by “h, w, y, or glottal stop (^)” nasalization goes across both vowels. Note:</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">pahí (sharp) > pahínhin (thorn); </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;">yán (sleep) > ayán ~ anyán (bed; lay on)</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue;"> ki^ín (gamble) > kin^ín (gamble; try)</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue;"> </span></div></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> </span></div></div><div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Sent:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 4:58 AM</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">To:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">yahoogroups</a> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:whitesmoke;"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;">Subject:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"> [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span></div></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div><div><div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">Dear All,</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">I invite your suggestions to the point at which I am curious is -- can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a nasal?</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">thanks</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">surmangol</span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"> </span></div></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;">--------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"><br clear="none"></div><div><div class="yiv8133629589MsoNormal"><span style="color:white;"></span></div></div></div>
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