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<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The key word to look up for this type of change is
<i>coalescence</i>, in which two consonants merge into a single consonant, preserving different features of each.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">--Jason<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Jason F. Siegel, Ph.D.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Research Fellow in Lexicography<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Director, Centre for Caribbean Lexicography<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">St. Michael<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Barbados<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:jason.siegel@cavehill.uwi.edu"><span lang="EN-CARRIBEAN" style="color:blue">jason.siegel@cavehill.uwi.edu</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">1-246-417-4468<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com [mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 28, 2015 10:33 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Interesting data!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I can see the /pn/
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> [m] preserves both the place of the /p/ and the nasality of the /n/. There’s different ways this could be formally analyzed with
rules or constraints. Whether 1) /p/ </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> [m] before /n/, and then /n/ disappears, or 2) /n/
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> [m] after /p/, and then /p/ disappears, or 3) some other merging operation, needs more data to figure out. Are there other cases
similar to this, or is it limited to this one word?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Also interesting is the directionality. It seems you do NOT get:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black">ma
</span><span style="color:#9D1811">tapna</span><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#9D1811"> tam </span><span style="color:black"> lak-i 'He comes very slowly'.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Right?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">As for further insights/analysis, it depends on what your goal is. If you’d like to understand it more deeply, perhaps for a write-up
or paper, then great – keep asking, and perhaps someone could guide you through the questions you’d need to answer to figure out the process. If it’s just to have a general idea of what’s going on, then you may not need much more.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Grace to you,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Mike Cahill</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">
<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 28, 2015 4:41 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18431">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Thanks to all for your response to my query. I would like to discuss a little more in the same line by citing examples from Manipuri/Meithei (T-B language). Let's consider the following:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18875">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">1. ma </span><span style="color:#9D1811"> tapna </span><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="color:#9D1811">tapna </span><span style="color:black"> lak-i</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> 3sg be.slow-Adv be.slow-Adv come-Asp 'He comes very slowly'.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">In (1) tapna tapna 'very slowly (approx.)' is a case of duplication and this can be contracted in connected speech as in (2) below.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">(2) ma </span><span style="color:#9D1811">tam </span><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="color:#9D1811">tapna</span><span style="color:black"> lak-i 'He comes very slowly'.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">In (2), the first word of the duplication is seen as having 'm' (nasal) as the final segment.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22005">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">How does /</span><span style="color:#9D1811">p</span><span style="color:black">/ changes to /</span><span style="color:#9D1811">m</span><span style="color:black">/, I suppose, is due to the influence of the following /n/.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21755">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21877">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Further, the contraction may be extended to the second member of the duplication as in (3)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21878">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21882">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">(3) ma </span><span style="color:#9D1811">tam </span><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="color:#9D1811">tam</span><span style="color:black"> lak-i 'He comes very slowly'</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21752">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_21753">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Any other possible explanation is sought.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22002">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22003">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Thanks</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_22054">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">surmangol</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18884">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446008040280_18885">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">--------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">On Wednesday, 28 October 2015 6:35 AM, "Patrick C
<a href="mailto:patrick.chew@gmail.com">patrick.chew@gmail.com</a> [lexicographylist]" <<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div id="yiv8133629589">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div id="yiv8133629589ygrp-mlmsg">
<div id="yiv8133629589ygrp-msg">
<div id="yiv8133629589ygrp-text">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">To dovetail with previous answers, Korean shows the following:<br>
<br>
Sino-Korean</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">sam ri > sam ni "three ri ('miles')" (</span><span style="font-family:"MS Gothic";color:black">三里</span><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">삼리</span><span style="color:black">)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">haeng-ri > haeng-ni "luggage" (</span><span style="font-family:"MS Gothic";color:black">行李</span><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">행리</span><span style="color:black">) [obs.?]</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">native-Korean:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"><-pnita> = [-mnida] -</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">ㅂ니다</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">formal polite verb ending, eg:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">ha- "to do" > hamnida </span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">합니다</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">other verb endings that cause the same sandhi effect:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"><-ni> : <ka-ss-ni> = [kanni] (</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">갔니</span><span style="color:black"> "(you) went?")</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"><-ne> : <eops-ne> = [eomne] (</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">없네</span><span style="color:black"> "there isn't any...")</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"><-neun-> : <meok-neun-de> = [meongneunde] (</span><span style="font-family:"Gulim","sans-serif";color:black">먹는데</span><span style="color:black"> "even though X eat(s)")</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">cheers,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">-Patrick</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"><br>
<br>
Apologies for typos - typed with my thumbs and subject to autocorrect in the most amusing of ways. (i.e. on my iPhone)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">On Tue, Oct 27, 2015 at 7:15 AM, Mike Cahill <a href="mailto:Mike_Cahill@sil.org" target="_blank">
Mike_Cahill@sil.org</a> [lexicographylist] <<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div id="yiv8133629589yqt15244">
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Another example, briefly, from Konni of Ghana, again affecting /r/:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">/gim-ri/ </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> [ginni] ‘sparrow-the’ (cf. /daa-ri/
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D">à</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> [daari] ‘day-the’)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I’m sure there are more around the world!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Mike</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">
<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 8:28 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white">
<o:p> </o:p></p>
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<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">Hanjabam Surmango Shama:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">In response to your question: can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a nasal?
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">Yes, a nasal vowel followed by the consonant “r” naturally affects it to sound as an “n.” Further, a nasal vowel will affect a succeeding vowel to sound as a nasual.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">In Báxoje Jiwére language (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska), a Siouan language:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">-- rúmi (buy s.t.) ~ hin<u>númi</u>wi (we buy it) [hin-...wi (we) + rúmi (buy)
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">-- Where two vowels are separated by “h, w, y, or glottal stop (^)” nasalization goes across both vowels. Note:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">pahí (sharp) > pahínhin (thorn);
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue">yán (sleep) > ayán ~ anyán (bed; lay on)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:blue"> ki^ín (gamble) > kin^ín (gamble; try)</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:whitesmoke">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">
<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">
mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:whitesmoke">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Sent:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> Tuesday, October 27, 2015 4:58 AM</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:whitesmoke">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">To:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">
<a href="mailto:lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank" title="lexicographylist@yahoogroups.com">
yahoogroups</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:whitesmoke">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Subject:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> [Lexicog] power of nasal consonant</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">Dear All,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:black">I invite your suggestions to the point at which I am curious is -- can a nasal consonant affect a oral consonant as the later becomes a nasal?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">thanks</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">surmangol</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black">--------------------------------- Hanjabam Surmangol Sharma Department of Linguistics Manipur University, Canchipur Imphal 795 003 MANIPUR</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<o:p> </o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:black"><br>
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