[lg policy] Are dying languages worth saving?

Fri Apr 15 19:06:53 UTC 2011

We know from statistics that the smaller the sample size, the greater the variation. Languages with less than 10,000 speakers are under incredible pressure from internal and external influences. That variability only widens as the sample size of speakers decreases. To combat that, we only have two real choices--obtain official recognition and status for the language in the hopes of getting more people to learn and use it as a principal mode of communication, or isolate the language (and its people) so that it is only under internal pressure to vary. The former choice increases external influence on the language through bilingualism, while the latter is in my mind, unethical unless a group wishes to remain apart from wider society. 

Any thoughts?

----- Original Message -----
From: "Chris Allen Thomas" <chthomas at dolphin.upenn.edu>
To: "Language Policy List" <lgpolicy-list at groups.sas.upenn.edu>
Sent: Friday, April 15, 2011 2:57:47 PM
Subject: Re: [lg policy] Are dying languages worth saving?

I have been waiting for this article for several years (figuratively). I agree that we need to support cultures and ways of life, which includes supporting the language that is so bound up with the culture and ideologies of any particular group. But "preserve" a language? This is an oxymoron.

I know I am going to get flack, but I am speaking form a very empathetic position. We don't want to take choice and freedoms to join a larger community away from people belonging to certain cultures for our own ideological reasons, or to pat ourselves on the back. 

----- Original Message -----
From: "Jeremy Graves" <jayrkirk42 at yahoo.com>
To: "Language Policy List" <lgpolicy-list at groups.sas.upenn.edu>
Sent: Friday, April 15, 2011 12:09:39 PM
Subject: Re: [lg policy] Are dying languages worth saving?

Along with everyone else, I want to say thanks for posting this article. 

I'm always torn when it comes to this one - I want to do everything possible to preserve dying languages, but as a historical linguist, I recognize that language change is inevitable, and that change may well include death. Still, doctors swear to preserve life even though death is a natural part of it; perhaps linguists should do the same? 

From: Ayaz Ahmed <ayazmardan at gmail.com> 
To: lgpolicy-list at groups.sas.upenn.edu 
Sent: Fri, April 15, 2011 5:16:36 AM 
Subject: [lg policy] Are dying languages worth saving? 

Language death and spending on revitalization of a dying language is debated by experts, self-proclaimed experts and people who speak a language with their arguments and beliefs. Here is a BBC news article which focus on such discussion.. 
Are dying languages worth saving? 

Why should endangered languages be saved? Delegates at the Trinity College Carmarthen conference explain - using nine different languages 

Language experts are gathering at a university in the UK to discuss saving the world's endangered languages. But is it worth keeping alive dialects that are sometimes only spoken by a handful of people, asks Tom de Castella? 

"Language is the dress of thought," Samuel Johnson once said. 

About 6,000 different languages are spoken around the world. But the Foundation for Endangered Languages estimates that between 500 and 1,000 of those are spoken by only a handful of people. And every year the world loses around 25 mother tongues. That equates to losing 250 languages over a decade - a sad prospect for some. 

This week a conference in Carmarthen, west Wales, organised by the foundation, is being attended by about 100 academics. They are discussing indigenous languages in Ireland, China, Australia and Spain. 

"Different languages will have their quirks which tell us something about being human," says Nicholas Ostler, the foundation's chairman. 

"And when languages are lost most of the knowledge that went with them gets lost. People do care about identity as they want to be different. Nowadays we want access to everything but we don't want to be thought of as no more than people on the other side of the world." 

Apart from English, the United Kingdom has a number of other languages. Mr Ostler estimates that half a million people speak Welsh, a few thousand Scots are fluent in Gaelic, about 400 people speak Cornish, while the number of Manx speakers - the language of the Isle of Man - is perhaps as small as 100. But is there any point in learning the really minor languages? 

Last speaker dies 

"I do think it's a good thing for a child on the Isle of Man to learn Manx. I value continuity in a community." 

In Europe, Mr Ostler's view seems to command official support. There is a European Charter for Regional Languages, which every European Union member has signed, and the EU has a European Language Diversity For All programme, designed to protect the most threatened native tongues. At the end of last year the project received 2.7m euros to identify those languages most at risk. 

But for some this is not just a waste of resources but a misunderstanding of how language works. The writer and broadcaster Kenan Malik says it is "irrational" to try to preserve all the world's languages. 

Earlier this year, the Bo language died out when an 85-year-old member of the Bo tribe in the India-owned Andaman islands died. 

While it may seem sad that the language expired, says Mr Malik, cultural change is driving the process. 

"In one sense you could call it a cultural loss. But that makes no sense because cultural forms are lost all the time. To say every cultural form should exist forever is ridiculous." And when governments try to prop languages up, it shows a desire to cling to the past rather than move forwards, he says. 

If people want to learn minority languages like Manx, that is up to them - it shouldn't be backed by government subsidy, he argues. 

"To have a public policy that a certain culture or language should be preserved shows a fundamental misunderstanding. I don't see why it's in the public good to preserve Manx or Cornish or any other language for that matter." In the end, whether or not a language is viable is very simple. "If a language is one that people don't participate in, it's not a language anymore." 

Wicked words 

The veteran word-watcher and Times columnist Philip Howard agrees that languages are in the hands of people, not politicians. "Language is the only absolutely true democracy. It's not what professors of linguistics or academics or journalists say, but what people do. If children in the playground start using 'wicked' to mean terrific then that has a big effect."   

The former Spanish dictator Franco spent decades trying to stamp out the nation's regional languages but today Catalan is stronger than ever and Basque is also popular. 

And Mr Howard says politicians make a "category mistake" when they try to interfere with language, citing an experiment in Glasgow schools that he says is doomed to fail. "Offering Gaelic to children of people who don't speak it seems like a conservation of lost glories. It's very romantic to try and save a language but nonsense." 

But neither is he saying that everyone should speak English. "Some people take a destructivist view and argue that everyone will soon be speaking English. But Mandarin is the most populous language in the world and Spanish the fastest growing." 

There are competing forces at work that decide whether smaller languages survive, Howard argues. On the one hand globalisation will mean that many languages disappear. But some communities will always live apart, separated by sea, distance or other barriers and will therefore keep their own language. With modern communications and popular culture "you find that if enough people want to speak a language they can". 

In short, there is no need for handwringing. 

"Language is not a plant that rises and falls, lives and decays. It's a tool that's perfectly adapted by the people using it. Get on with living and talking." 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 

-- 
Ayaz Ahmad 
Lecturer in English, 
Department of English, 
Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. 
Ph.D. Research Scholar, 
Area Study Centre (Russia, China & Central Asia), 
University of Peshawar. 
Cell Phone: +92-334-8432207 

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-- 

PhD Candidate, Educational Linguistics 
Graduate School of Education 
University of Pennsylvania 

LinkedIn Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/chrisallenthomas 

-- 

PhD Candidate, Educational Linguistics 
Graduate School of Education 
University of Pennsylvania 

LinkedIn Profile: http://www.linkedin.com/in/chrisallenthomas 

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