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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear Colleague,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I do not know if you need material on language
policy and implementation in Pakistan but if you do you might read my
books.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>1. Language and Politics in Pakistan (Karachi:
Oxford University Press, 1996. Reprint 2003)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>2. Language, Ideology and Power: Language-learning
among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India (Karachi: Oxford UP,
2002).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have also published in journals but most of these
are American or British journals so they should be available in good
libraries.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Yours sicnerely,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tariq Rahman Ph.D</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>National Distinguished Professor</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Quaid-i-Azam University</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Islamabad</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A href="mailto:j.lobianco@unimelb.edu.au" title=j.lobianco@unimelb.edu.au>Joe
Lo Bianco</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@ccat.sas.upenn.edu"
title=lgpolicy-list@ccat.sas.upenn.edu>lgpolicy-list@ccat.sas.upenn.edu</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, April 24, 2004 8:38
AM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: Request for references on
Implementation</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Hal,<BR><BR>Hi. The following may not be easy to
obtain but is exactly the kind of this you are after. It is from Sri Lanka and
focuses on the (in truth very poor) measures for the implementation of Tamil
language measures, often intended as "remediation" or "amelioration" for harsh
laws like the 1956 Official Sinhala Act.<BR><BR>Dharmadasa, K.N.O., (1996)
(ed) <I>National Language Policy in Sri Lanka, 1956 to 1996.</I>
<I>Three Studies in its Implementation.</I> Kandy: International Center
for Ethnic Studies. <BR> <BR>Also relevant, and possibly easier to get
hold of, is;<BR>Theva-Rajan, A. (1998) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> edition) <I>Tamil
as Official Language, Retrospect and Prospect.</I> Colombo:
International Center for Ethnic Studies, but this is not so precisely an
evaluation of implementation, though it does comment on this.<BR><BR>I have
copies if you cannot obtain them otherwise. Also relevant is Australian
Policy Activism in Language and Literacy, Lo Bianco and Wickert 2001 analyses
the implementation of language policy in Australia. <BR><BR>I don't think poor
or bad implementations is just a problem of technique or method or bad
administration however. You don't have to be too cynical to think that it is
sometimes (perhaps often) a reflection of myopia, or that politicians make
concessions to minorities that bureaucrats and others in entrenched positions
do not share and therefore undermine. This is not necessarily
deliberate, or even conscious, though it sometimes is both. Often it
arises, in my experience, from a "monolingual habitus" (can't remember whose
term that is, probably Bourdieu). Though we don't want to let them off
too lightly! Regards Joe<BR><BR><BR><BR>At 11:45 PM 23/04/2004, you
wrote:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=cite cite type="cite">There is a first time for
everything, and this is the first time I'm<BR>asking members of this list to
give me some references. I have been<BR>working on an article recently
on some issues concerning language policy<BR>implementation, and can't find
much that is said about it except to define<BR>it. There are three
articles in Cobarrubias and Fishman 1983, one by<BR>Haugen (on corpus
planning), another by Barnes (on China) and a third by<BR>Lewis (on the
USSR), but beyond this I'm stumped.<BR><BR>I (and others of course, too)
have always held that implementation is the<BR>"Achilles' Heel" of language
policy and planning, i.e. the weakest link,<BR>and that many failures of
policy are due to poor implementation, not poor<BR>planning (unless we
include poor implementation-planning in planning).<BR><BR>Can anyone refer
me to other specific analyses of failures of<BR>implementation, i.e.
detailed studies of how a particular language policy<BR>failed to achieve
its objectives because of failure to carry out the<BR>implementation of
it? Or, studies of exemplary implementation, which led<BR>to great
successes in the plan?<BR><BR>Here is the definition of implementation that
I am working with,<BR>constructed from various people's statements about
it:<BR><BR>"Implementation in language policy consists of the measures
(plans,<BR>strategies, timetables, mechanisms) that provide the
authoritative<BR>backbone (including financial rewards and resources) to
achieve the goals<BR>of the language policy, and the motivation for the use
of the language of<BR>the policy by the people affected."<BR><BR>Thanks very
much in advance for any help people can offer.<BR><BR>Hal
Schiffman<BR><BR>=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<BR>------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>
Harold F. Schiffman<BR><BR>Professor of Dravidian Linguistics and
Culture
Director<BR>Dept. of South Asia
Studies
Pedagogical Materials Project,<BR>3624 Market Street, Box
2615
South Asia Language Resource
Center<BR><BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>University
of
Pennsylvania<BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>Philadelphia,
PA 19104-2615<BR><BR>
<X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>Phone:
(215)
898-5825<BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>Fax:
(215)
573-2138<BR><BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB>Email:
haroldfs@ccat.sas.upenn.edu<BR><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><X-TAB> </X-TAB><A
href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/"
eudora="autourl">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</A><BR><BR>------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</BLOCKQUOTE><X-SIGSEP>
<P></X-SIGSEP><BR>Joseph Lo Bianco<BR><BR>Professor of Language and Literacy
Education<BR>LLAE, Faculty of Education<BR>The University of Melbourne<BR>3010
VIC Australia<BR><BR>Tel: <X-TAB> </X-TAB>03 8344
8346<BR>Fax:<X-TAB> </X-TAB>03 8344 8612<BR>Mob: 0407
798 978<BR>Email: j.lobianco@unimelb.edu.au </P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>