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Hal,<br><br>
Hi. The following may not be easy to obtain but is exactly
the kind of this you are after. It is from Sri Lanka and focuses on the
(in truth very poor) measures for the implementation of Tamil language
measures, often intended as "remediation" or
"amelioration" for harsh laws like the 1956 Official Sinhala
Act.<br><br>
Dharmadasa, K.N.O., (1996) (ed) <i>National Language Policy in Sri Lanka,
1956 to 1996.</i> <i>Three Studies in its Implementation.</i>
Kandy: International Center for Ethnic Studies. <br>
<br>
Also relevant, and possibly easier to get hold of, is;<br>
Theva-Rajan, A. (1998) (2<sup>nd</sup> edition) <i>Tamil as Official
Language, Retrospect and Prospect.</i> Colombo: International
Center for Ethnic Studies, but this is not so precisely an evaluation of
implementation, though it does comment on this.<br><br>
I have copies if you cannot obtain them otherwise. Also relevant is
Australian Policy Activism in Language and Literacy, Lo Bianco and
Wickert 2001 analyses the implementation of language policy in Australia.
<br><br>
I don't think poor or bad implementations is just a problem of technique
or method or bad administration however. You don't have to be too cynical
to think that it is sometimes (perhaps often) a reflection of myopia, or
that politicians make concessions to minorities that bureaucrats and
others in entrenched positions do not share and therefore
undermine. This is not necessarily deliberate, or even conscious,
though it sometimes is both. Often it arises, in my experience,
from a "monolingual habitus" (can't remember whose term that
is, probably Bourdieu). Though we don't want to let them off too
lightly! Regards Joe<br><br>
<br><br>
At 11:45 PM 23/04/2004, you wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>There is a first time for
everything, and this is the first time I'm<br>
asking members of this list to give me some references. I have
been<br>
working on an article recently on some issues concerning language
policy<br>
implementation, and can't find much that is said about it except to
define<br>
it. There are three articles in Cobarrubias and Fishman 1983, one
by<br>
Haugen (on corpus planning), another by Barnes (on China) and a third
by<br>
Lewis (on the USSR), but beyond this I'm stumped.<br><br>
I (and others of course, too) have always held that implementation is
the<br>
"Achilles' Heel" of language policy and planning, i.e. the
weakest link,<br>
and that many failures of policy are due to poor implementation, not
poor<br>
planning (unless we include poor implementation-planning in
planning).<br><br>
Can anyone refer me to other specific analyses of failures of<br>
implementation, i.e. detailed studies of how a particular language
policy<br>
failed to achieve its objectives because of failure to carry out
the<br>
implementation of it? Or, studies of exemplary implementation,
which led<br>
to great successes in the plan?<br><br>
Here is the definition of implementation that I am working with,<br>
constructed from various people's statements about it:<br><br>
"Implementation in language policy consists of the measures
(plans,<br>
strategies, timetables, mechanisms) that provide the authoritative<br>
backbone (including financial rewards and resources) to achieve the
goals<br>
of the language policy, and the motivation for the use of the language
of<br>
the policy by the people affected."<br><br>
Thanks very much in advance for any help people can offer.<br><br>
Hal Schiffman<br><br>
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<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>
Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>
Professor of Dravidian Linguistics and
Culture
Director<br>
Dept. of South Asia
Studies
Pedagogical Materials Project,<br>
3624 Market Street, Box
2615
South Asia Language Resource Center<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>University
of Pennsylvania<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>Philadelphia,
PA 19104-2615<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>Phone:
(215) 898-5825<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>Fax:
(215) 573-2138<br><br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab>Email:
haroldfs@ccat.sas.upenn.edu<br>
<x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><x-tab> </x-tab><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/" eudora="autourl">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a><br><br>
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</blockquote>
<x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
<br>
Joseph Lo Bianco<br><br>
Professor of Language and Literacy Education<br>
LLAE, Faculty of Education<br>
The University of Melbourne<br>
3010 VIC Australia<br><br>
Tel: <x-tab> </x-tab>03 8344 8346<br>
Fax:<x-tab> </x-tab>03 8344 8612<br>
Mob: 0407 798 978<br>
Email: j.lobianco@unimelb.edu.au</body>
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