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<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">** New Book Announcement **<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B><B><FONT face=Arial size=3><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Ebonics: The Urban Education Debate (2<SUP>nd</SUP> Ed.)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT><STRONG><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Editors:</SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG> <o:p></o:p></P><!--<a href="/multi/results.asp?AUB=David Ramirez&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID=" ><strong>David Ramirez</strong></a> -->
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">David Ramirez<BR><!--<a href="/multi/results.asp?AUB=Terrence G Wiley&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID=" ><strong>Terrence G Wiley</strong></a> -->Terrence G Wiley<BR><!--<a href="/multi/results.asp?AUB=Gerda de Klerk&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID=" ><strong>Gerda de Klerk</strong></a> -->Gerda de Klerk<BR><!--<a href="/multi/results.asp?AUB=Enid Lee&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID=" ><strong>Enid Lee</strong></a> -->Enid Lee<BR><!--<a href="/multi/results.asp?AUB=Wayne E Wright&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID=" ><strong>Wayne E Wright</strong></a> -->Wayne E Wright</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2005, Multilingual Matters. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A title=http://www.multilingual-matters.com/multi/display.asp?isb=1853597961&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID href="http://www.multilingual-matters.com/multi/display.asp?isb=1853597961&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID">http://www.multilingual-matters.com/multi/display.asp?isb=1853597961&TAG=BJXA2X5X7839X9471FQI4Z&CID</A>=<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT><STRONG><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Summary:</SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG><BR>This collection of papers, comments, and documents traces the distant and recent history of the Ebonics debate in the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The book examines how, despite increasing access to public education over the past century, schools continue to impose language standards and expectations on children that methodically privileges some, while disadvantaging others.<FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">From the Back Cover:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Controversy erupted in the 1996 when the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Oakland</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Unified</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">School District</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>’s Ebonics Resolution proposed an approach to teaching Standard English that recognized the variety of English spoken by African American students. With new demands for accountability driven by the No Child Left Behind policy and its emphasis on high-stakes testing in Standard English, this debate will no doubt rise again. This book seeks to better inform this next episode. </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In Part 1, leading scholars place the debate within its historical and contemporary context, provide clear explanations of what Ebonics is and is not, and offer practical approaches schools can and should follow to address the linguistic needs of African American students. Part 2 provides original documents that accompanied the debate, including the original resolutions, legislation, organization position papers, and commentary/analyses from leading linguists. This book is written for all those whose work impacts the lives of Ebonics speakers in our public schools. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvAXB size=5><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvAXB">Contents<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Acknowledgements </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Introduction</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Part 1: Ebonics in the Urban Education Debate<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">1 Ebonics: Background to the Current Policy Debate<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Terrence G. Wiley </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">2 Using the Vernacular to Teach the Standard<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">John R. Rickford </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">3 Educational Implications of Ebonics<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">John Baugh</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">4 Black Language and the Education of Black Children:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">One Mo Once<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Geneva</SPAN></FONT></st1:place></st1:City><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI"> Smitherman </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">5 Ebonics and Education in the Context of Culture:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Meeting the Language and Cultural Needs of LEP<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">African American Students<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Subira Kifano and Ernie A. Smith </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">6 Language Varieties in the School Curriculum: Where<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Do They Belong and How Will They Get There?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Carolyn Temple Adger </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Part 2: Background to the Ebonics Debate<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Introduction</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Oakland</SPAN></FONT></st1:PlaceName><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB"> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Unified</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">School District</st1:PlaceType></SPAN></FONT></st1:place><FONT face=AdvPAB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">’s Resolution<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">A Original <st1:City w:st="on">Oakland</st1:City> Unified <st1:place w:st="on">School District</st1:place> (OUSD)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Resolution on Ebonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Policy Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Clarification: Synopsis of the Adopted Policy on<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Standard American English Language Development . . . . . . . . . . 120<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Legislative Intent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvAXB size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: AdvAXB"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Appendix 1: OUSD Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Appendix 2: OUSD Core Curriculum Standards at<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Benchmark Grade Levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Appendix 3: Overview of OUSD Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . 126<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Amended Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Appendix 4: Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Examples Of Legislative Reaction<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">B Congressional Response, 105th Congress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">State Reaction: Virginia General Assembly 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Proposed <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:State> Legislation: S.B. 205 ‘‘Equality in<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">English Instruction Act’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">John Rickford’s response, ‘‘S.B. 205 </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvBMa1 color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvBMa1">_</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=white size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 4pt; COLOR: white; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">/ </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Well Intentioned,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">but Uniformed’’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Legal Background<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">C <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Martin</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Luther</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">King</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Junior</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">School</st1:PlaceType> v. <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ann Arbor</st1:place></st1:City><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">School District</SPAN></FONT></st1:place><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA"> Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Linguists’ Reactions<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">D A Linguist looks at the Ebonics Debate<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Charles Fillmore </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Ebonics and Linguistic Science: Clarifying the Issues<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Walter Wolfram </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Dialect Readers Revisited<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">John R. Rickford and Angela E. Rickford </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Congressional Testimony<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">William Labo</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvBM2 color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvBM2">v</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Organizational Responses<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">E Policy Statement of the TESOL Board on African<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">American Vernacular English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Policy Statement of the American Association for<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Applied Linguistics (AAAL) on the Application of<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Dialect Knowledge to Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Center for Applied Linguistics (<st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">CAL</st1:place></st1:State>) Statement to<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">the Media on Ebonics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">California</SPAN></FONT></st1:place></st1:State><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA"> Association for Bilingual Education (CABE)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">Position Statement on Ebonics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAB color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAB">Recommended <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Readings</st1:place></st1:City> on Ebonics<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">F Scholarly References and News Titles<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvPAI color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPAI">Wayne E. Wright </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=AdvAG color=black size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvAG">vi The Urban Education Debate</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=AdvPA color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: AdvPA"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Wayne E. Wright, PhD<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">University</SPAN></FONT></st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Texas</st1:PlaceName>, <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">San Antonio</st1:place></st1:City><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">College of Education & Human Development<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoAutoSig><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Bicultural-Bilingual Studies<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>