<div class="source_url">Published on Asian Tribune (<a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/">http://www.asiantribune.com</a>) </div>
<h2 class="title">Sri Lanka – Should future generations suffer the follies of the past? </h2>
<div class="created">Created 2006-09-07 03:03 </div>
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<p>By Raj Gonsalkorale</p>
<p><i>"If this trend continues, the LTTE will die a natural death in a few years," says Rohini Hensman, a Sri Lankan analyst. Yet, Ms. Hensman emphasizes, the LTTE can only be beaten politically, not militarily. Drawing an analogy with Hezbollah, which could not be vanquished by the more advanced Israeli army, Hensman says, "Even an overwhelming military might cannot wipe out a guerrilla movement as long as it has support from a section of the population."
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<p>Despite such predictions, coming not just from Ms Hensman, but from several other Sri Lanka watchers, as well as the higher echelons of the Sri Lankan military, it would be quite unwise to write off the military strength of the LTTE, although their recent performance does indicate a weakening of their fire power and tactical capability. It is reported however that the LTTE has withdrawn, rather than being beaten by the government forces in Sampur and that they have relocated their fire power elsewhere.
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<p>Ms Hensman is quite right though about being able to beat the LTTE politically, if only the Sri Lankan politicians including the moderate Tamil politicians and other key interest groups such as the private sector in the country and the Buddhist clergy could exert pressure in the right direction to find a political solution that is just and reasonable for the Tamils, the Sinhalese as well as the Muslims. As Mr Anandasangaree, the leader of the largest Tamil political party in Sri Lanka, The Tamil United Liberation Front and a very brave person at that having the courage to oppose and be a very irritable threat to the LTTE, said in a letter to President Mahinda Rajapaksa on the 55th anniversary of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, "It is well to remember that rivers do not flow backwards...," meaning that a weakening of the LTTE military strength should not be taken as a weakening of the Tamil political objective and that the governing party and others must look forward and find a reasonable solution to the conflict. Mr Ananadasangaree of course referred to a Federal Solution as being the way forward.
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<p>As argued by the author previously, neither Federalism nor Asymmetrical devolution is considered an answer or a political solution to this conflict although a Federal structure might appear as one, for some. At best it may be a temporary solution to ease the pain caused by years of war, death and destruction. On the other hand, it could well be the beginning of another problem as discussed earlier. Federalism, unless it extends to redrawn provincial boundaries and it extends to the entire country, will tantamount to Asymmetrical devolution in one part of the country and that will not address the causes that Tamils have been fighting for politically and militarily for decades. It will only result in there being several groups of Tamils enjoying varying degrees of rights within the same country.
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<p>The concept of devolution identified in the proposals submitted by the former President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga did extend the concept to the entire country where she proposed an indissoluble "Union of Regions" as opposed to a "Unitary" Constitution for the country. Her proposals, as far as the author is aware, were based on symmetrical devolution to all regions. Such a concept would have provided substantial and equal autonomy to the combined North East provinces, as well as to the rest of the country. Many however, did not appear to support the concept proposed by the former President.
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<p>While it may appear as idealistic, and impractical to some, a real solution can come if the clock could be wound back to at least the fifties, and if saner and objective minds could prevail to see whether problems that surfaced as a result of Constitution changes that took place after that period are as valid today as they may have been at the time such changes were made, and see what additional measures and safeguards could be taken to ensure Tamils and Muslims and other minority communities could function in Sri Lanka as equals alongside the Sinhalese.
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<p>This attitude and thinking appears to prevail amongst substantial sections of the moderate Sinhalese as well as Tamils judging from media comments, articles written and discussion sessions on several websites. Although there is no formal evidence to say so, it is likely that many moderates who hold this view are mostly those born after 1956, and who have unfortunately experienced a Sri Lanka not of their making and are suffering the consequences of a legacy inherited by them. It is likely that they are speaking for themselves and their future generations, with a few being able to forge a better and more secure future in other countries. Their view is that times have changed, and circumstances that may have prevailed at the time to justify and introduce legislation such as the Sinhala only Act in 1956, are no longer valid in a world that is shrinking, becoming increasingly Globalised and market oriented, and where the English language has become an essential passport to break national and international boundaries.
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<p>Their argument that those who still push for pre eminence for the Sinhala and Tamil languages at the exclusion of the English language, are those suffering from the "small pond syndrome" and only interested in perpetuating their own power bases without seeing what is happening in the world outside, appears quite valid if one looks at countries that have progressed economically in recent times like Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, just to name a few. Their view is that if we are unable to rise above the "small pond syndrome" and meet today's Global challenges by focusing on economic development rather than narrow sectarian communalist views, then Sri Lanka has no future, will continue to linger behind other developing countries, and will not have a future for them or their future generations, either as a Unitary State or even a Federal State. It is widely held that communal politics will only intensify the cry for separation from the Tamil extremists and will result in ongoing instability, unrest and violence.
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<p>This is the most important attitude change that has to occur and it is an issue that has to be given leadership and direction by all opinion leaders and men and women with substantial influence amongst the Sri Lankan community, both within and outside the country. The principle of equality hangs in the balance as long as the Sinhala Buddhists continue to hold a superior view, and unless this is addressed, Tamils and Muslims will not feel they are equals. So, the first principle is for any references in the Constitution to the superiority of Sinhala Buddhists to be removed and to change such clauses to reflect a truly secular country where everyone is equal and enjoys equal status, and State protection and sponsorship is afforded to everyone in equal measure. It will be interesting to see how many Sinhalese have reflected on the fact that the national Anthem, the single most important unification symbol, has only Sinhala verses and is sung in Sinhala. If the country is to move to true secularism, the Anthem must include verses in Tamil so that those who have been excluded so far from the symbol that is supposed to unify everyone, could in fact sing it proudly as fellow citizens of the country.
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<p>An issue that is held as probably the cornerstone that changed the multiethnic, multi linguist nature of the country, is the language policy change introduced by the late Prime Minister S.W. R. D Bandaranaike. </p>
<p>The policy change introduced in 1956 and which underwent numerous changes over time, is today a non issue from a policy perspective as both Sinhala and Tamil languages are official languages of the country. What is needed though is to make sure that administrative measures are introduced with definitive timelines to implement this policy in the entire country, including the teaching of both languages to all students, but very importantly, not at the exclusion of teaching English to all students. Teaching of the English language to all students in the country, in addition to teaching both Sinhala and Tamil should become a major national policy issue with definitive time lines for implementation. If ever there is an administrative issue that requires devolution, then the implementation of the language policy is one such issue.
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<p>Devolution is needed in the country, but what is needed is administrative devolution so that the citizens of the country are better served by the political and administrative machinery, and economic development is enhanced through such administrative devolution. Devolution based on Ethnic lines will only perpetuate the very divisions that exist today and which will contribute to a further fuelling of fires, conflict and disharmony. There is a crying need for administrative devolution in several areas such as health, education, civil administration including policing, and in other key areas of economic activity.
<b>Administrative devolution though has to be undertaken within national policy guidelines, and this is where political devolution has to be curtailed in relation to national policy settings, subject to equal rights and equal representation for the three major communities in the country in such policy settings. The suggestion of a second chamber with equal representation for the Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims, made in a previous article was based on this thinking.
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<p>In order to ensure equal rights for the three major communities, perhaps what Sri Lanka needs is a Bill of Rights, as an inviolate, insoluble part of the Constitution that articulates the secular nature of the country and the equal rights of all people in the country irrespective of their ethnicity or religion. What Tamils rightly fear is the ability of the Sinhala Buddhist majority in the country to forge some unity and change Constitutions at will, even if secularism is well enshrined in a particular Constitution. The challenge for the Southern politicians is therefore to find ways and means of allaying such fears, not with their words, as that can change depending on the direction of political winds at any given time, but through legal means that will ensure equal rights enjoyed under a secular Constitution are forever, similar to the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution.
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<p>Sri Lankan is noted more for their volubility than action. It is now time for some real action in relation to finding a political solution to this conflict. President Mahinda Rajapaksa has appointed an expert committee to propose, initially, the main concepts relating to a possible solution. It is hoped that this will be forthcoming as expected in the next month or two. It is also hoped that this committee will have the strength and resolve to propose a concept that provides a real alternative to Federalism or Asymmetrical devolution, and instead suggests administrative devolution within national policy guidelines, where such policy is determined centrally with the three major communities having equal rights and representation in a second chamber that has the power to approve, change or reject policy bills sanctioned by the first chamber. It is also hoped that the concept includes giving inviolate and insoluble guarantees for true secularism through a Bill of Rights. Above and beyond all this is the need to keep the focus on the future and not the past, and view the world from outside the small pond. Our political leaders, religious leaders, successful entrepreneurs and other opinion makers and leaders in the wider civil society owe this to our future generations.
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<p>- Asian Tribune - </p><br class="clear"></div>
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