I would like to reinforce the comments about the complexity of the term "official language" and its sometimes near-synonyms "national" language (when both occur, official seems to be functional and national symbolical) and "state" language (usually in constitutions of former Soviet satellites). One needs first to distinguish between a constitutional (or basic law) designating an official language. Such classifications seem to reflect a desire at the time of independence or other major change (like Maastricht for France) of asserting the primacy of one language (most common) or providing equal status to two or more languages (much rarer). Presumably this legal statement provides a basis for judicial or governmental action. A large number of nations (England and other commonwealth or former colonies) do not have constitutions or do not have designate official languages in them or in other laws; here the status of official seems, as other have noted, to be taken for granted. To show the kind of confusion that can occur, New Zealand now has two laws establish Maori and NZ Sign Language as official, but no law dealing with the status of English. In individual cases, then, one needs distinguish between actual language practice (what language is used/permitted/prohibited in public and private domains and functions), beliefs (what language do people think should be used), and management (what does the law say, and is it implemented.
<br>Bernard Spolsky<br><br><div><span class="gmail_quote">On 4/2/07, <b class="gmail_sendername">Multiple recipients of list</b> <<a href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@ccat.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@ccat.sas.upenn.edu</a>> wrote:
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><br> LGPOLICY-LIST Digest 488<br><br><br> 8) "Official English" in the UK?
<br> by "Don Osborn" <<a href="mailto:dzo@bisharat.net">dzo@bisharat.net</a>><br> <br> 11) Re: "Official English" in the UK?<br> by "Harold Schiffman" <<a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com">
haroldfs@gmail.com</a>><br> 12) RE: "Official English" in the UK?<br> by "Don Osborn" <<a href="mailto:dzo@bisharat.net">dzo@bisharat.net</a>><br><br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all">
<br>-- <br>Bernard Spolsky <a href="mailto:bspolsky@gmail.com">bspolsky@gmail.com</a><br>Professor emeritus, Bar-Ilan University<br>Please use this address<br>32 Habad Road, 97500 Jerusalem, Israel<br>Phone +972-2-628-2044. Mobile 052-421-8156
<br>Fax +972-2-628-5472 or Fax +1-512-727-8065 <br>URL: <a href="http://www.biu.ac.il/faculty/spolsb">http://www.biu.ac.il/faculty/spolsb</a><br><br>Editor Emeritus, LANGUAGE POLICY<br>Language Policy submissions online to
<br><a href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/lpol/default.asp">http://www.editorialmanager.com/lpol/default.asp</a>