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<div align="right"><font size="-1">Thursday, May 31, 2007</font><br><br> </div>
<h3>International Educators Discuss the Competition for Students and Ways of Improving Programs</h3>
<p><font size="-1"><a href="mailto:beth.mcmurtrie@chronicle.com">By BETH MCMURTRIE</a></font></p>
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<div align="right"><font size="-1">Minneapolis</font></div>
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<p>Attracting foreign students, making study abroad more meaningful, and internationalizing the campus are some of the big themes being discussed here at the 59th annual meeting of Nafsa: Association of International Educators, which runs through the end of the week. The conference, which has drawn more than 7,000 people from 90 countries, attracts both high-level administrators and the frontline staff members who run study-abroad offices and recruit foreign students. Many sessions at the conference focus on tracking and recruiting foreign students. Hobsons, a student-recruitment and enrollment-management company, released some results of a survey of 28,000 foreign students that looked at how they choose where to apply for undergraduate or graduate programs. Among the findings: Friends are the No. 1 source of advice for students from India and China, while Japanese students rely more on recommendations from teachers. Indian and Chinese students want to study abroad primarily because of the quality of the academic programs elsewhere, and believe that they will be better prepared for careers when they return. Chinese students rely mainly on scholarships and family members for financial support, while Indian students primarily depend on scholarships and bank loans.
<p>A session with representatives from State Department-sponsored overseas advising centers, which promote American higher education abroad, encouraged colleges to make their Web sites more user-friendly for foreign students and described the many difficulties those students face in completing admissions applications. A representative of one such center, Rohayma Rateb, from the Amideast office in Egypt, said seemingly routine requests can stump Egyptian students. Grade-point averages, sealed transcripts, and letters of recommendation are all foreign concepts in Egypt, she said. As for extracurricular activities, something regularly inquired about on applications: "It's deemed a waste of time, and they are told to concentrate on their studies," she said.
<p>In another session, representatives from Europe, Australia, and the United States reviewed recent trends in global student mobility. Among their conclusions: Asian countries are stepping up their efforts to recruit foreign students, European nations are working harder to draw in students from outside the European Union, and Australia is working closely with Asian neighbors to make it easier to recognize one another's degrees. All of this adds up to growing competition for American colleges. Rajika Bhandari, director of research for the Institute of International Education, noted that China now provides 10,000 scholarships a year for foreign students to study at its universities, compared with 12,000 scholarships it gives to Chinese students to study abroad.
<p><b>Internationalizing the Campus </b>
<p>At a special symposium, speakers described a host of things it takes to make a campus more internationally focused, including committed leadership, money, buy-in from the faculty, and a tangible reward system for faculty members who get involved. Big dreams don't hurt, either. John K. Hudzik, vice president for global engagement and strategic projects at Michigan State University, noted that when his institution announced that it wanted to send 40 percent of its undergraduates abroad, "the audaciousness of that goal was like a lightning rod" that galvanized the campus. Eileen Wilson-Oyelaran, president of Kalamazoo College, talked about the distinct challenges for small, liberal-arts institutions, such as heavy teaching loads for faculty members and a tendency to want to stick with tradition. Such limitations can discourage innovation, especially if you're looking to shake up the curriculum, she said. But small colleges are also more nimble than large research universities, and she encouraged campus leaders to use that advantage.
<p>The speakers also advised sending skeptical faculty members to visit study-abroad sites. "It's the biggest way to change minds and get people on board," said C. Eugene Allen, a former associate vice president for international programs at the University of Minnesota. Several college administrators at the session said they wanted to connect study abroad more closely with students' majors and with service learning -- a common theme at the conference over all. Katherine S. Bellows, executive director of the Office of International Programs at Georgetown University, said students there try to pack so much into their four years, they have little time left to go abroad. Many, for example, get involved in community service and don't want to drop it, even briefly. "They're afraid they're going to miss something," she said.
<p>So she and her colleagues are working on creating more study-abroad programs with both a service and academic component. Georgetown's program in Santiago, Chile, for example, in which students work with poor families but also take classes, ties directly into subjects such as sociology, she said. Linda Materna, who is chairwoman of foreign languages and literature at Rider University and co-leader of a new internationalization effort there, touched on another hot topic: how to give students an international experience without leaving home. She noted that many of the New Jersey institution's students are first-generation college-goers or have to work, which limits their ability go overseas. While study abroad should remain the primary goal, Rider is looking into short-term domestic travel to places with large immigrant communities. Such trips also tap into a growing demand among students for service projects, Ms. Materna said. She noted that students who were otherwise uninterested in study abroad have gravitated toward service programs run in Jamaica and the Dominican Republic, where they work with orphanages.
<p><b>Looking for Quality Controls</b>
<p>The Forum on Education Abroad, a consortium of study-abroad providers, has created what it calls a quality-improvement program -- a sort of voluntary accreditation for study-abroad programs. At a session to discuss the results of its first efforts to put the program into practice, presenters urged providers to sign up. Michael Steinberg, director of academic programs of the Institute for the International Education of Students, who helped develop the standards, noted that demand for study abroad is booming, yet many study-abroad offices are so understaffed they barely have time to advise students, let alone check out the many providers out there. The quality-improvement program, he said, is a method to ensure that providers offer solid programs.
<p>He also said it's only a matter of time before accreditors and others are going to want to put quality controls on the growing industry. "Before others start to police us, we have to police ourselves," he said. The quality-improvement program involves a self-study, followed by peer review, and is based on the forum's own standards of good practice. Details on the program can be found on the forum's
<a href="http://www.forumea.org/standards-standards.cfm">Web site.</a>
<p><b>Less Support for Development Projects</b>
<p>Stephen F. Moseley, president of the Academy for Educational Development, painted a bleak picture in a session on university participation in international development. Mr. Moseley noted that it has become increasingly difficult for universities to find government money to support long-term development projects, particularly ones with a research component. Support from organizations such as the World Bank and the
U.S. Agency for International Development has either dried up or shifted to short-term projects that focus on tangible results. "The funding and support for universities to be engines of development have substantially declined," he said.
<p>Most aid money, he added, is now spent on countries that are considered of importance to national security. While a number of those projects focus on human development, other countries are being ignored entirely, Mr. Moseley said. He also noted a precipitous drop in the number of USAID-backed scholarships for foreign students to attend college in the United States. That figure fell from 25,000 in the late 1980s to 1,200 today. Now, what little scholarship money there is goes toward short-term programs rather than degree programs, he said.
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