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</div><span></span><noscript></noscript></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br><br><b>Opinion Development in a Cultural Void</b> <br><br><b>Daily Champion</b> (Lagos) <br>OPINION<br>26 June 2007 <br>Posted to the web 27 June 2007
<br><br>By Akinwumi Isola<br>Lagos <br>
<p>ISN'T it frighteningly amazing that most otherwise intelligent well trained and patriotic Africans do not in the least feel disturbed that virtually every aspect of our life is in crisis? We seem to be now used to living in crisis as a normal natural way of life. Is this the result of a skilful process of cultural brain washing and an over-dose of the chloroform of faith? But it may well also be due to the confounding power of phenomena to become, overtime, so completely familiar that we really do not hear see or notice them any more. People who live near Pentecostal churches in Nigeria or whose neighbours use howling generators grow so accustomed to the noise that they stop hearing it! The man, after many years of marriage, stops seeing his wife's thin lips and the woman her husband's huge nose. Our perception of the world can wither away so completely, leaving us with only hazy recognition.
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<p>A random selection from aspects of our life today may force us to perceive them anew, and make us wonder what is happening to us. </p>
<p>Take for example our women's hairstyles. Wearing atrociously bogus, heavy wigs in multicolor reaching beyond the shoulder is standard wear! No eyebrows are raised. Ladies do not care at all if we know that they wear borrowed hair in direct imitation of white women's hair in length and colour, and in stout rejection of the length, texture and colour of their natural hair. We do not feel disturbed.
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<p>Another example is the language we speak. We have so carelessly neglected the learning and teaching of our mother tongues that we are now virtually a nation without a language! The lack of competence in the mother tongue and a solid base has adversely affected the child's ability to acquire other languages properly. Children inherit their parent's atrocious English pronunciation while badly trained teachers smother any remaining hope of progress in grammar and syntax. Our brightest conversations are pitiful examples of code-switching and code-mixing. Do we feel disturbed?
</p>
<p>And what do we do about foreign religions? In terms of confessional faith, there is nothing wrong with Islam and Christianity. But do we feel disturbed that every religion in the world is culture bound, and that religion has always been used as a weapon for cultural and political domination? Islamization is used as a prelude to the real project of Arabisation and white missionaries brought the colonialist-tainted version of Christianity to Africa. Arabs are physically and culturally taking over Africa and Europeans. Americans and Asians are taking it over economically. About 20 per cent of Nigeria's best-educated professionals now live and work outside the country.
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<p>Our government is made to accept harsh IMF and World Bank conditions - priviatisation, trade liberalization, misconceived policy measures that harm the poor and benefit international traders. And to monitor compliance our comprador politicians are now joined by the establishment of a formal 'technocratic corps' within the ministry of finance, the central bank and other agencies with oversight mandate for privatization and commercialization.
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<p>Our life is in crisis! I am sure the intellectuals know this. What I don't know is whether we all feel disturbed each to the same extent necessary for action. </p>
<p>For those who feel the need for urgent action, the theme of this conference is of crucial importance because, the way to deal with a situation when phenomena become so familiar that we really do not recognize or care about them again is to transfer what is being depicted to a 'sphere of new perception"! We should in other words, defamiliarise the issue to force attention back to it. In literary criticism this is called foregrounding or simply defamiliarisation. We have to force the attention of our people back to the crisis in our life through the resources of culture which gathers language and literary studies under its wrings. To reap the rewards of our cultural heritage, which itself continues to suffer neglect and corruption to such an extent that it is in danger of disappearing , the educated elite must take its responsibilities very seriously. Reviving our culture will involve, among other things, talking about culture, repeating to ourselves what we already know, trying to see old facts in new light and hopefully by hard work and sagacity or by serendipidity, we will find acceptable solutions to our problems.
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<p>There have been many definitions of culture. Here are four of them, from the elevated to the comprehensive: </p>
<p>i. "the highest intellectual and artistic achievements of a group" </p>
<p>ii. "the transmission of behaviour as well as a dynamic source for change, creativity, freedom and awakening of innovative opportunities" </p>
<p>iii. "Share skills, beliefs and traditions" and </p>
<p>iv. "the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or social group, encompassing, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs"
</p>
<p>For groups and societies all over the world, cultural, is simply each group's ways of living together. The most important fact about culture, however, is its diversity as expressed in Article 1 of UNESCO Universal Declaration of Cultural Diversity
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<p>Cultural Diversity: the common heritage of humanity. Culture takes diverse forms across time and space. This diversity is embodied in the uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making up humankind. As a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature. In this sense, it is the common heritage of humanity and should be recognized and affirmed for the benefit or present and future generations.
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<p>The point being made here is that the world is a world of diversity: biodiversity and cultural diversity. "The earth is one but the world is not. We all depend on one biosphere for sustaining our lives " but each group or society of humankind creates its own elaborate, culturally rooted ways of living together. In other words God has demonstrated His preference for diversity both in humankind and the culture and in the ecology. He has also created a unique language for each culture to ensure effective and independent operation. In this regard, language is the heart of a culture. When a language dies, the culture atrophies and dies. Language is the hub of the wheel of culture while other aspects are the spokes operating a robustly effective feedback system. The great mystery of the origin of language can never be solved. The constant belief is that language is God's gift to man. The magical properties associated with languages and the spoken word has strengthen this belief. Only God can confer such powers! With language the people in a community possess the tool for creating and recording knowledge in memorable fashions to lay the groundwork for acceptable standards in all aspects of life to ensure sustainable development and authentic continuity. Every culture therefore has rules laying down what is allowable in particular circumstances. The greatest emphasis is always placed on the careful education of the child.
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<p>It is important to note that every culture has its own myths of the origins of man and or language. There are almost 7000 languages in the world. No one myth can attain the status of historical fact. And in this regard, no one myth is superior to another. However, some cultures have been able to popularize their own myths of origin mainly through their aggressive religious evangelism, thereby virtually transforming a mere myths to godly facts of history in the minds of deluded adherents who now close their minds to edifying lessons from other cultures. A good man of God should have an open mind but should protect his own God-given culture. Mahatma Ghandhi said:
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<p>I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. </p>
<p>Cultural diversity is indeed the common heritage of humanity. But still more important are the developmental dimensions of culture. It is this humanistic potential of culture that has engaged the active attention of UNESCO for over three decades now. " . Development in UNESCO's view, is a means of enhancing the relationship between material and spiritual well being" of men, and only culture can negotiate that.
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<p>A tradition is a custom or belief that the people in a particular group or society have practiced or held for a long time, and a custom is something that the people of a community or society always do in particular circumstances because it is regarded as the right thing to do. Language is the medium of operation and control for all the other aspects of culture like the administrative, the judicial, the religious, the educational and other systems. When a language dies the culture dies.
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<p>However, there is tangible cultural heritage which may be seen and touched, like great carvings and statues, paintings and monuments, sites and landscapes, and there is intangible cultural heritage that has no physical form. Examples include languages, oral traditions, literature, customs, dance, rituals, festivals and the various skills which constitute what gives cultural identity to a people.
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<p>It is the intangible aspect of cultural heritage that sustains the tangible aspect because it is the intangible through the stories, folktales, proverbs, idioms, taboos, the poetry, that teaches those valuable ideas as dignity, hope, sense of duty justice, hard-work, faithfulness, accountability, transparency, honour and other humane qualities.
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<p>Culture is God's own way of organizing His peoples all over the world in cohesive groups, each with its own peculiar skills and knowledge. God knows the minutest aspect of every culture. Religion is just an aspect of the culture. Religion is intended to ensure that the Foundations of culture, the humane qualities of man remain stable.
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<p>Culture it is that makes the man. As a matter of fact, if your culture has not socialized you into the acceptable standards of right and wrong, if you have not internalized those humane qualities of integrity honesty, love, accountability and so on, through your own culture, there will be no foundation on which any religion can build. In this regard being born again really means going back to your God-given culture to lean how to be a good person.
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<p>The important point to emphasise here is that culture has crucial implications for development. The fruits of intangible culture, the humane qualities of honour, integrity and so on, ensure intangible development, which is the development of the mind. This is different from material development. Without intangible development there can be no sustainable development. There is the tendency to define and measure development through methods and measures that are primarily material: building roads, factories and dams, buying cars, ships and aircrafts. But the truth is that these material acquisitions cannot be sustained by material means alone. To make these material wealth socially sustainable, the people require not just money and skill but also those humane qualities - honesty, dignity and so on. Other wise omo ti a ko ko ni yoo gbe ile ti a kota.
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<p>We should realize that the material aspect of development imported or dumped on us from abroad are not accompanied by the humane-quality aspects Many African leaders erroneously believe that they can import globalised ideas of legal monitoring of behaviour, forgetting that ideas about dignity, honesty and so on, do not appear in generic and universal terms. Different peoples articulate them in terms of highly specific idioms of value, meaning and belief as contained in terms of highly specific idioms of value, meaning and belief as contained in their own God-given culture. This is what the young generation of every culture must learn and imbibe from childhood through the intangible aspects of their culture.
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<p>But, seriously speaking, given the social and political confusion in which we are today - the cultural void and the moral crisis - how do we go back to our culture? To answer this question, we shall need to do a quick review of what really happened to us and our culture. Fortunately, the whole story is so well known.
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<p>Our history shows that the great African Empires were culturally developed. The social-cultural communities thrived and survived by meeting their daily needs and most especially by guaranteeing continuity through an effective process of socialization which ensured that the ideas, norms, values and symbols of society were internalized by the younger generations. The intangible cultural heritage in its various aspects, invigorated the whole system. Language and its literature took centre stage acting like a standard setting and enforcing agent for the whole cultural society
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<p><em>-To be continued</em> </p>
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