<br clear="all">
<h1 class="artikelhead">Clunky but clear, ECB-speak is getting the message across</h1>
<h4 class="bot">von Ralph Atkins (Frankfurt)</h4>
<h3 class="anlauf">Europe's central bank interacts in 21 languages but it is communicating better than the Bank of England or the Fed.</h3>" <acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Kein Wissen gibts, der Seele Bildung im Gesicht zu lesen (Übers.: Friedrich Schiller)" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">
There's no art to find the mind's construction in the face</acronym>.'' Shakespeare, Macbeth Act 1, Scene 4
<p></p>
<p>Communicating to the world about the outlook for the economy and possible movements in interest rates is a core task of a central bank. But, like English <acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Dramatiker" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">
playwrights</acronym>, some are easier to understand than others. Currently, the European Central Bank is going though a period of exceptional clarity. Earlier this year, Jean-Claude Trichet, president, committed the ECB to "strong
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Wachsamkeit " style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: white" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">vigilance</acronym>'' - a phrase financial markets know means that a quarter-percentage point rise in interest rates is one month away. Everyone knows that the ECB sees growth in the 13-country eurozone as robust, but
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Inflationsgefahren" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: white" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">inflationary dangers</acronym> <acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="lauern" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">
lurking</acronym> over the longer term. </p>
<p>Such <acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Berechenbarkeit, Vorhersehbarkeit" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">predictability</acronym> contrasts with the picture on the other side of the Atlantic, where financial markets
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="infrage gestellt" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: white" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">have taken issue with</acronym> the US Federal Reserve's economic outlook. And across the Channel, Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, told the Financial Times this year that the UK central bank was "clearly" failing to explain properly how it was likely to respond to economic data. His comments followed erratic financial market movements as investors struggled to understand Bank of England thinking. "By comparison, the ECB is a model of predictability," says Ken Wattret, eurozone economist at BNP Paribas in London.
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="hier: günstig" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: white" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">Benign</acronym> economic circumstances, such as the eurozone is currently witnessing, make a central banker's life easier. Still, for the ECB to win plaudits for its communication - thus arguably increasing its effectiveness by shaping expectations about future
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Kreditkosten, Finanzierungskosten" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">borrowing costs</acronym> - would have seemed unlikely even relatively recently. English is the central bank's working language in Frankfurt but it interacts in 21 European Union languages, which logically would increase its difficulties. Of the governing council's 19 members, only one has English as his mother tongue - John Hurley, Ireland's central bank governor, who is sometimes referred to as the Shakespeare of the ECB because of his fluency in the language (though, as an Irishman, he may not regard that as a compliment).
</p>
<p>In its early years under the presidency of the late Wim Duisenberg, the bank was often criticised for a sometimes haphazard communication style. Even now its English is not for the prose stylist. When, last October, the ECB wanted to say that if it was right about the economic outlook interest rates would rise further, it did not say as much. Instead, Mr Trichet remarked that, "if our assumptions and base-line scenario are confirmed, it will remain
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="hier: gerechtfertigt" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">warranted</acronym> to further withdraw monetary accommodation". Other central bankers mock the crudeness of its "traffic light" code-word system for signalling interest rate increases, including the use of "strong vigilance". But the English used by native-speaking central banks is often clunky as well. And from the ECB's point of view, its communication strategy is effective. In its own -
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="unbeholfen" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">ungainly</acronym> - words, one bulletin concluded: "Through the flexible use of implicit forward language in its regular economic and monetary assessment, the ECB has managed to give
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="hier: implizierte Prognose" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">implicit guidance</acronym> on its inclinations over very short horizons, while avoiding any kind of pre-commitment with regard to future policy decisions and enhancing financial market participants' understanding of the ECB's broad policy direction."
</p>
<p>What is the secret of its linguistic success? Michal Krzyzanowski of the University of Lancaster in the UK, who studies the use of language by European Union institutions, says communication difficulties have in recent years created angst about political legitimacy at organisations such as the Brussels-based European Commission. "They rightly felt that the democratic deficit was the result of a deficiency in communication". But the Frankfurt-based ECB differs, he argues, because its tasks are clearer-cut and narrower. It had concentrated on "being a central bank, rather than a European institution as such". Since taking over as president in 2003, Mr Trichet has exercised tight control over the ECB's communication strategy. He has also reinforced the principle of consensus-driven decision-making. Rather than offering differing individual views, ECB governing council members have become
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="geschickt, versiert" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">adept</acronym> at talking from near-identical scripts, and at the use of BlackBerry communication to quickly correct any messages that appear slightly
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="irrig" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">off-beam</acronym>. </p>
<p>Julian Callow, economist at Barclays Capital, adds that the way the ECB uses English also helps improve clarity. Compared with the scope that the Bank of Japan has when using its native language, the ECB has less room for nuance, he says. More importantly, the fact that ECB texts have to be translated into so many other languages increases the demand for clarity. "You have this bureaucratic English, which can compel the ECB to state matters in a more black-and-white way," says Mr Callow. But the main factor working to the ECB's advantage may simply be that the eurozone economy is at a stage where trends are relatively clear - and implications for interest rates are relatively straightforward. The region is enjoying a "Goldilocks" recovery - not too hot, not too cold - with growth around a rate that would be sustainable without creating excessive inflationary pressures. With credit and
<acronym onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#e7e8ec';" title="Geldmenge" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='White';">money supply</acronym> figures highlighting the effects of interest rates that are still low by historic standards, at least one further rise seems obvious.
</p>
<p>The real communication difficulties may come - as the US Fed has found - when interest rates have reached a level that might represent a peak, and it becomes less obvious where they may move next. Throw in exchange rate uncertainty and possible hiccups elsewhere in the world economy, and the ECB might find it harder to be predictable.
</p><a href="http://mail.google.com/mail/?auth=DQAAAHUAAADwvYX7tKkiNh7-1plqjHiUeCQTRdtq2JnoMAn-2VR0sRnQFCAkXwOoH1XLIeUCvudUAqmk6pGHlOSd4hJUEVce9AWusEcv2Gf9oVhpMmhFo5effcHyzchV1JcSVYmORjGh3AUsIvwxBBidjk3k1Tnf5vAFfMjmJaOf_KAvF3Aalw&shva=1">
http://mail.google.com/mail/?auth=DQAAAHUAAADwvYX7tKkiNh7-1plqjHiUeCQTRdtq2JnoMAn-2VR0sRnQFCAkXwOoH1XLIeUCvudUAqmk6pGHlOSd4hJUEVce9AWusEcv2Gf9oVhpMmhFo5effcHyzchV1JcSVYmORjGh3AUsIvwxBBidjk3k1Tnf5vAFfMjmJaOf_KAvF3Aalw&shva=1
</a><br>-- <br>**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of
<br>the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a <br>message are encouraged to post a rebuttal. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br>*******************************************