<b>Cultural Policy And National Development</b> <br><br>
<p>Daily Champion (Lagos)</p><br>OPINION<br>24 September 2007 <br>Posted to the web 24 September 2007 <br><br>By Chuma Ifedi<br>Lagos <br>
<p>CULTURE is the complex of distinctive attainments, beliefs, traditions and other ways of life constituting the background of a racial, religious or social group. An objective examination of Nigerian culture shows that it has the resilience to adapt to changing circumstances.
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<p>Our culture can offer genuine and lasting solutions to our pressing problems and provide us with respect, sense of purpose, direction, fulfillment and pride which only our indigenous system can bring about. Culture has to be dynamic to cope with phenomenal transformations in the economic, political and social environment of the modern world. It cannot therefore be static.
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<p>The World Cultural Day is celebrated every year on May 31 during which citizens join the rest of mankind in marking the primacy of culture. We engage in cultural exchange programmes with the other countries in the course of our international diplomacy. Among other communities, we have established cultural relationship with black America. Such contacts and interaction bring us nearer to other nationalities and are likely to influence us positively in mapping our way of life.
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<p>Festac 1977 was the climax in our national endeavour towards cultural resurgence. It made Nigeria the veritable vanguard of African and black peoples in a world prejudiced against them. The National Festival of Culture (NIFEST) held annually is aimed at highlighting the role of culture in instituting democratic traditions in Nigeria. Our national troupe projects Nigeria abroad. What is required now in it is to make it more comprehensive, to attract greater international recognition.
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<p>Nigeria parades some significant cultural organizations. We have the National Institute for Cultural Orientation. At the federal and state levels, there are the councils for Arts and Culture. Among the duties assigned to these bodies is the writing of a comprehensive history of Nigeria and organizing a national festival of Nigerian toys, rhymes and games. In the universities, the centres for cultural studies study, document, promote and preserve all aspects of our civilization for posterity. The National Archives are also there. The commission for Museums and Monuments supervises the national museums at Lagos, Ife and Benin. Mbari houses are located in various parts of the country to show various samples of indigenous crafts and arts. Recently, some arts patrons requested the creation of a new ministry for arts and traditions at the federal level.
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<p>Cultural activities are on the increase. At state, local government and community levels, cultural days are held annually. The Mmanwu festival, celebrated by Enugu and Anambra states, manifests the high esteem accorded to native masquerades in our cultural setting. They represent our link with the spirit world inhabited by our ancestors. Local trade fairs allocate stands for cultural products in the form of artifacts. In Imo state, the annual Ahiajoku lecture generates an intellectual exercise by Igbo scholars to unravel the cultural norms of societyand develop and document them for a wider beneficial purpose. Traditional choreography is gradually emerging with its transforming impact on our dancing patterns. The Ewu-Ukwu custom celebration confers social honour to women who have given birth to at least ten children. Thanks to the birth control campaigns, this tradition is, however, dying. Nigeria cannot afford a baby boom in the prevailing dire situation we find ourselves.
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<p>Nigerians are divided on the issue of lingua franca, even though the English language is considered inappropriate as our common means of communication. Teaching in the vernacular is also debatable because of the hundreds of languages and dialects in the country. It is high time we resolved these issues. Several schools of thought compete for attention on what role traditional rulers should perform. The proposed National Traditional Council proposed by President Musa Yar'Adua is being criticized in many quarters as undesirable. The predominant opinion is that traditional rulers should be limited to only traditional matters and totally excluded from political activities. Most traditional rulers are today very well educated intellectuals and professionals. They want to extend their scope of power and influence. The National Assembly should consult widely before there is a constitutional review on this subject.
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<p>Squandermania at funerals is obviously wasteful and utterly naïve. The rich should channel their wealth to charity and poverty alleviation rather than on reckless display of affluence and conspicuous consumption. Legal sanction should be imposed on such profligacy. Circumcision is considered traditionally defensible as a means of maintaining feminine purity but medical doctors frown at it due to health complications such as scarring, bleeding, infection, keloid formation, infertility and prolonged labour at child birth. The practice should therefore be made optional. Child marriage which still prevails should be discarded and banned because of its physiological and psychological problems as well as its hindrance to female education. Similarly, facial tribal marks smack of primitiveness and retrogression. It must be prohibited. So also the fattening scheme for prospective wives and categorization of some citizens as Osu and Oru in Igbo land. Nobody should be treated as inferior in our contemporary world of freedom and equality. These relics of the past should be eradicated in our ongoing cultural evolution.
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<p>The cultural metamorphosis should extend to foods and drinks. Experts in nutrition say that our native food items are more nourishing than imported European and America diets. Our exquisite palm oil and palm wine are classified as the best. In the spirit of "boycott the boycottables" therefore, preference must be given to indigenous menu. This will reduce the crippling import bill and improve our health status.
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<p>Traditional medicine, regarded as alternative medicine, is gaining rising acceptance and patronage. Both the federal and state governments have accorded it official recognition and financial support. For its popularisation and efficacy, it should be documented, disseminated and rationalized. The primordial secrecy attached to native medicine should be removed.
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<p>The extended family system which provides social insurance and stability should not go under in the face of western influence and economic pressures. Nigeria still lacks en effective social security system to provide for the aged, sick and disadvantaged in the society. Our traditional reverence for the elderly must continue. We should encourage the admiration of native fashions and architecture. Our black complexion is precious and should not be polluted with bleaching creams. Black is beautiful.
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<p>Nigeria possesses rich folklore. These touch upon our customs, moral values, architecture, food, dressing, languages, music, dances, tales, games, festivals, fairs, mythology and basic ways of life. Our folklore has been employed to serve social, religious, educative and entertainment purposes in our traditional societies. An African Folklore Centre will serve as a coordinating base for research and publication of creative works of African peoples all over the globe. Cultural activities should not be left alone for governments to fund. The private sector should invest in that worthy project.
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<p>Nigeria should take a cue from Japan and China in projecting culture positively towards national development. The economic advancement of the Asian Tigers has been largely attributed to the fusion of pragmatic cultural philosophy into their managerial, scientific and technological operations.
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