<div><br clear="all"> Shifting Dunes: Changing meanings of Urdu in India <br><br><br>Subject Language(s): <a href="http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=urd">Urdu (urd)</a> <br><br>Dissertation Director:<br>
Robin Queen <br>Deborah Keller-Cohen <br>Barbara Metcalf <br>Judith Irvine <br>Sarah Thomason <br><br>Dissertation Abstract:<br><br>In this dissertation, I investigate the indexicality of the Urdu language <br>in India. I examine the assumed indexical link between Urdu and Muslim <br>
identity by analyzing the ideological structures of Muslims and Hindus of <br>Old Delhi. The analysis of the ideologies is supplemented by frequency <br>distribution of the phonological features that distinguish Urdu from Hindi, <br>
namely the phonemes /f/, /z/, /k̲h/, /g̲h/, and /q/. <br><br>The analysis shows that the indexicality of Urdu in India is far more <br>complex than is generally assumed in the literature. To the first <br>generation Muslims and Hindus born before the Partition of India in 1947, <br>
Urdu indexes education and cultural refinement. To the second generation <br>born after 1947, Urdu indexes an exclusive Muslim identity. The <br>indexicality of Urdu undergoes a reconfiguration again among the third <br>generation Muslims who were born after the early 1980's; to them, Urdu <br>
indexes a poor, uneducated, and conservative Muslim identity. An analysis <br>of their ideologies shows that they do not identify themselves as Urdu <br>speakers; they instead claim to speak a mixed language containing elements <br>
from English, Punjabi, and Hindi. A frequency distribution of the Urdu <br>phonemes among the third generation Muslims shows that they are losing some <br>of the Urdu phonemes. I argue that the loss is driven by the stigmatized <br>
indexicality that Urdu acquired after 1947. <br><br>Furthermore, I demonstrate that the indexicality of the Perso-Arabic and <br>Devanagari scripts is undergoing transformation too. Since the third <br>generation does not control the Perso-Arabic script, second generation <br>
Muslims are transliterating Urdu texts into Devanagari. An analysis of the <br>transliteration shows that Muslims are trying to preserve linguistic <br>features of Urdu in Devanagari. The preservation of Urdu features at a time <br>
when they are being lost among the third generation underscores the tension <br>between the ideologies of the older and younger Muslims and adds to the <br>complexity of the indexicality of Urdu. Since all three generations <br>
coexist, it is empirically inaccurate to characterize the indexicality of <br>Urdu in a simple categorical fashion. Urdu represents a palimpsest with <br>several layers of indexicalities etched on it in such a way that each layer <br>
tells a different story. <br><a href="http://mail.google.com/mail/?source=navclient#compose">http://mail.google.com/mail/?source=navclient#compose</a></div>
<div> </div>
<div><br>**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of<br>
the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a <br>message are encouraged to post a rebuttal. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br>******************************************* </div>