<h2>Bilingualism: A failed policy?</h2>
<h3 id="deck">Language neurosis is our identity </h3>
<p class="byline">KONRAD YAKABUSKI </p>
<p class="source">From Saturday's Globe and Mail</p>
<p class="article-date">April 5, 2008 at 12:00 AM EDT</p>
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<p>Every country has its fixations. Where else but in Canada could a straightforward debate about the who and when of French immersion in the third-smallest province send the whole country's official languages intelligentsia into a fit of doomsdayism? Watching the very real passion with which parents have reacted to New Brunswick's decision to end early immersion, it is hard not to think of what U.S. sex columnist Dan Savage said recently about his own nation's debilitating obsession. Not, race. The other one: religion. "Australia got the convicts. Canada got the French. We got the Puritans." Mr. Savage evidently meant it as a compliment — to Canada and Australia. And though we should definitely take it as one, the "French fact" has — from Durham to Dumont — warped our national psyche, fed our collective neuroses and nearly torn us asunder. Four centuries after Champlain's arrival, we are no nearer, inside or outside Quebec, to reconciling ourselves to his linguistic legacy.</p>
<p>For English Canadians, the question is this: Do they really care enough about the other official language to learn it, not just for the purposes of properly pronouncing foie gras and salade niçoise on a holiday in Paris, but to understand, appreciate and grow closer to French-Canadian reality? The evidence is fairly conclusive that they don't. Despite the billions spent since the adoption of the Official Languages Act in 1969, the already derisory rates of bilingualism are falling in English Canada. Parents may pine for French immersion classes, but mostly for reasons that have nothing to do with bridging the solitudes.</p>
<p>Francophone Quebeckers have an equally ambivalent relationship with l'autre langue officielle. They are drawn to, yet repelled by it. A case in point: A couple of months ago, the Parti Québécois leader, Pauline Marois, suggested that history and geography should be taught in English in French public schools as part of a goal of making all Quebeckers bilingual by the time they finish their basic education. But when writer Victor-Lévy Beaulieu snapped back at her, warning greater English proficiency would set in motion the "slow genocide" of francophone Quebeckers, Ms. Marois took to the op-eds to proclaim "No to a bilingual Quebec."</p>
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<div id="photo"><img height="242" alt="Parents and children protest outside the New Brunswick legislature against a government plan to change French immersion education in the province." src="http://images.theglobeandmail.com/archives/RTGAM/images/20080404/wcoessay0405/0405french188.jpg" width="188">
<p>Parents and children protest outside the New Brunswick legislature against a government plan to change French immersion education in the province. <cite class="source">(Brian Atkinson for the Globe and Mail)</cite></p>
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<li><a title="Posted: Friday, Apr 4 2008" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080404.wlanguage04/BNStory/specialComment"><font color="#001f5e">Plan to scrap early immersion faces probe</font></a>
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<p>From the archives</p>
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<li><a title="Posted: Friday, Mar 28 2008" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080328.weFrenchNB29/BNStory/specialComment"><font color="#001f5e"><b>Globe editorial: </b>Immersion delayed, immersion denied</font></a>
<li><a title="Posted: Thursday, Feb 14 2008" href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080214.wlanguage14/BNStory/specialComment"><font color="#001f5e">PQ Leader scales down praise of bilingualism after sovereigntist furor</font></a> </li>
</li></ul></div><img height="39" alt="The Globe and Mail" src="http://images.theglobeandmail.com/v5/images/icon/icon-digital-leaf-small-red.png" width="30"> </div>
<p>The federal policy of official bilingualism was never meant to make Canada a bilingual country. Its primary objective has always been to ensure the protection and survival of the English-language minority in Quebec and the French-speaking minority outside its borders. It's not working, particularly for francophones hors Québec, who are being assimilated before our very eyes. They now make up barely 4 per cent of Canadians outside Quebec; each new census tracks their decline. In Willow Bunch, Sask., where a francophone majority held the fort as lately as the mid-20th century, the number of people who speak French at home have dwindled to 30 souls, old ones at that, among a population of 300. The federal public service, which should be a model of bilingualism, appears to be a hopeless cause. English-speaking employees regularly spend more time in language training than doing their jobs. They go off for months or years to get their "C" level bilingual status — the highest attainable — only to come back to work as functionally unilingual as before. Not that it really matters. Ottawa still works largely as it did before 1969: If there's an anglo in the room, the meeting is in English.</p>
<p>Though Ottawa has its hands full just trying to meet the basics of official bilingualism, it has occasionally dreamt bigger. In 2003, the Chrétien government adopted a five-year, $810-million plan that aimed, among other things, to make half of young Canadians bilingual by 2013. It is not working. Indeed, the bilingualism rate among anglophones between 15 and 19 — considered the "peak" rate for all cohorts — fell by a fifth to 13 per cent in the decade to 2006.</p>
<p>DISCONNECTION TO DAILY REALITY</p>
<p>More early-age French immersion would not reverse that trend. Quality, already dubious due to a lack of truly bilingual teachers, would decline as quantity expands. Even most current French-immersion graduates — the minority who stick with the program until the end — have an astonishingly approximate grasp of the language. It's bad enough that they make basic grammatical and syntactical errors when speaking. (Don't ask about their written French). But plop most of them down in front of Tout le Monde en Parle or Ici Louis-José Houde, and they'd be lost. Current immersion programs seem to leave their graduates almost as completely disconnected from the daily reality of life in French Canada as non-graduates. How can that be nation-building?</p>
<p>If immersion doesn't open the door to the other solitude, why do people get so upset when there's less of it available? It's because parents want their kids immersed all right, just not necessarily in French. "Immersion is like having an elitist private school within the public system," one Ontario teacher explained. "It's the highest-achieving kids who get chosen. Class sizes are generally smaller. One couple told me they were so happy their son was being filtered from the dregs, which was actually how they put it." Immersion students may turn out to be Canada's equivalents to France's énarques, the graduates of the elite École Nationale d'Administration Publique, who inevitably go on to positions of power and influence in French society.</p>
<p>In this light, New Brunswick's decision to opt for intensive French in Grade 5 and optional immersion later on, is quite defensible. Too many non-immersion kids get left behind because they are squeezed into classes where their numbers overwhelm the ability of the most gifted teachers to meet their needs. The collectivity suffers as a result. Except for the haste with which it seems to have made this decision, New Brunswick's Liberal government does not deserve to be excoriated.</p>
<p>If English Canadians cared about learning French, they would. That is simply human nature. Around the world, everywhere, when people need and want to learn a language, they do. There is no early English immersion in Finnish public schools. Kids don't start basic English classes until they're nine. Yet it is almost impossible to find a Finn under 40 who does not speak crisp, elegant, near-perfect English. And it's not as if there's a ton of opportunities to practise on the streets of Oulu or Jyväskylä. Most Finns master English on top of Swedish, though Finnish has almost no resemblance to Swedish, unlike English to French. But if you're serious about being bilingual or trilingual, you do what you have to.</p>
<p>THE NATIONAL BROADCASTER</p>
<p>In Canada, we aren't and don't. Claude Dubois knows all about that. The iconic Quebec singer just sold more than 250,000 copies of his latest album and was inducted last month into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame. But when the CBC ran a taped version of the concert featuring inductees, Mr. Dubois and the other francophone artists were cut. Our ratings-obsessed national broadcaster was afraid French content might scare away viewers. It was an insult to Mr. Dubois and Quebec; both took it as one. CBC executive vice-president Richard Stursberg apologized. "Upon reflection," he explained, the network should have tried harder to show "the full diversity of the participants." At the CBC, the other official language is an afterthought. We've receded. In the 1970s, francophone stars were regularly featured on the CBC; Ginette Reno and René Simard had their own variety shows. For a generation of English viewers, this was their first window onto Quebec culture. It may have inspired a few of them to learn French, and certainly raised their consciousness.</p>
<p>Today, the CBC broadcasts Canada's Next Great Prime Minister without even lip service to the other official language. But what is one to expect from a show whose main sponsor is a company (Magna International) whose former and future senior executive once ran for the leadership of a national political party without uttering a single word in French? Months later, when she crossed the floor to the Liberals, the best Belinda Stronach could offer francophone journalists was: "En anglais, s'il vous plaît."</p>
<p>If learning French is a luxury in English Canada, most people in Quebec consider learning English a necessity. Yet Quebeckers know they are playing with fire. You'd be hard-pressed to find a Quebecker who does not feel he or she has been personally and professionally enriched by learning English. But when census data show, as they did in December, that mother-tongue francophones now make up less than 50 per cent of the population on the Island of Montreal, and less than 80 per cent of Quebec's population for the first time since the 1930s, it gets a people thinking in survivalist terms. It gets a newspaper such as Le Devoir to write this headline: "Historic retreat of French in Quebec." The issue gets framed — more or less — in these terms: Without a thriving francophone metropolis at its core, Quebec will be reduced before long to a Louisiana with sugar shacks.</p>
<p>Each of the solitudes maintains a tortured relationship with the language it doesn't speak first. English Canada needs the French fact to distinguish itself from the United States, but apparently not enough to become truly bilingual. Quebec needs to learn English to thrive in North America and avoid a retreat into isolation, but fears that each step out of its shell might deprive it from the option of going back. It's got reason to be afraid. That is what has happened everywhere else, from New England to Willow Bunch. Four decades of official bilingualism have done nothing to alleviate that threat. It never could, or can. And so we beat on, to paraphrase F. Scott Fitzgerald, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into our mutual unilingualism.</p>
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