<div dir="ltr"><h3 class="entry-title"><a title="Permanent Link to August Ambitions" href="http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/august-ambitions/" rel="bookmark">August Ambitions</a></h3>
<address class="byline author vcard">By <a class="url fn" title="See all posts by Joseph Santini" href="http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/author/joseph-santini/">Joseph Santini</a></address>
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<p>Throughout the school year we're allocated a period each day roughly 42 minutes for "prep time." During this tiny oasis between classes we're meant to perform all the meta-activities needed to survive the hours in the classroom: make copies, do paperwork, calculate grades and contact parents, either verbally, through relay, videophone, e-mail or text message. In reality, once school begins, these minutes are mostly spent in the hallways struggling to get to the copy room while simultaneously ensuring students maintain discipline no easy task.</p>
<p>In August, however, when working is a volunteer proposition (especially given New York Department of Education budget cuts) prep time has a new meaning; the teachers and administration work together, in a more-or-less organized fashion, to begin designing the coming year. The resemblance to a pyramid is truly uncanny; imagine the building blocks of month-long units, composed of smaller blocks made of lessons, as inexplicably and ideally wonderfully engineered as Egypt's monoliths. And the foundation for this year of education? It might be the energy and passion of teachers, or students, or the administration. It might be a simple, reliable daily schedule. During this summer's prep time we begin to divine what this foundation might be.</p>
<p>My personal pet project is frustrating and exhausting; I will be team-teaching a new sort of class, based on bilingual teaching principles. We want to design a new course, team-taught, which incorporates both standard English and American Sign Language (A.S.L.) in an effort to raise the achievement bar for both languages, for all students. As a Deaf person who uses several different languages (most prominently British, which is akin to a Gallic signed language, and American, which is more Romantic and descended from the <i>langue des signes franηaise</i>) and a student of education as well as a product of New York City's public schools I am extremely passionate about discovering the truly least restrictive environment for the modern Deaf student. </p>
<p>I have come to believe this environment is neither the traditional Deaf school, or the mainstreamed environment, but rather a combination, with both physically deaf, culturally Deaf and hearing children, with visible administration from all cultures and with respect for all languages: an environment which also encourages demands mastery of those languages. In my second full year teaching at P.S. 47 my third working with young people full time I have so far taught both Deaf and hearing students English. This year will be far more intricate.</p>
<p>To plan this course, my team teacher Anne and I have scheduled a prep day on the last week of August in our schizophrenically designed school building: half 1900's urbanism, half 1960's functionalism, perched appropriately on the eastern edge of Gramercy, where the two decades glare at each other in architectural disgust. Anne, a far more experienced and talented teacher than I, is impossibly young-looking: I have co-workers who remember her as their teacher from other schools, yet she looks a mere few years older than I do, at 30. She brings to the team many years of experience in bilingual schools; I bring experience studying the structures and techniques used to educate Deaf people in America and Europe (I obtained my first masters degree in Social Sciences with a concentration in Deaf Studies at the University of Bristol in the England, where I studied under Dr. Paddy Ladd, author of the text "Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood.") </p>
<p>We hunker together in a strangely empty classroom, surrounded by half-empty boxes; books lie in disarray on the shelves. Our voices echo each other as we work. (For the curious: I wear a hearing aid. But in an empty school building, echoes are physical things, and I could feel the steps of people walking four classrooms away, and the rumble of heavy traffic five floors below.) We are speaking a dialect particular to English teachers, finishing each others' sentences, sometimes ideas. Short silences interrupt our words as we break into signs, building our rapport with each other. I must learn to lip read and listen to her; she must learn ways of communicating with me. Luckily, we have an easy camaraderie: there is no visible frustration, and with communication difficulties there almost always is.</p>
<p>In this school, where members of both the staff and administration are both Deaf and hearing, communication is ad hoc. We drift between languages sometimes, muddle and confuse them. "We need to choose texts to
give them support, to
" begins Anne, hunting for the right word. Her hands gesture downwards. "Ground them?" I counter. Her gestures come perilously close to sign language, sometimes. "Yes, exactly," she replies, relieved, "ground them while we teach them specific reading skills. And we need to give them rules for communication, with themselves and others."</p>
<p>In designing this English-A.S.L. curriculum we have several ambitious goals: to create a program which lacks the patronization and isolation usually afforded to Deaf children in mainstreamed programs; to maximize the ability of the students to develop full fluency in both, and possibly other languages; to include stories, poetry and literature by Deaf people from around the world as well as the usual English fare; and to write lesson plans that compare how literary and grammatical elements appear and are used in each language. At the end of our first day of prep planning together we are thrilled and a little daunted by the size of the task ahead of us. </p>
<p>We are not interested in following some party line, after all. As much as we believe in the concept of bilingual education, our goal is for students to learn as much as possible. We are determined that the bilingual aspects of our curriculum should support wider learning, not narrow it. Despite these self-imposed limits the aforementioned excitement pervades everything. Our students have been clamoring for a higher level of sign language study, and this year we will be offering it. Can we find ways to do more and better teaching in two languages? Can we use technology to help us? Could we even add other signed languages to the curriculum?</p>
<p>We plan our first unit. It will focus on short stories that have the common theme of conformity. I remember a book I read as a child, "Belonging," written by Virginia Scott; it focuses on the story of a girl who eventually comes to need hearing aids. She only learns a little American Sign Language, but the story of someone who almost loses herself in the trauma of becoming different would, I think, resonate with these middle school students. "Could this be one of our grounding texts?" I wonder. Moreover, if it confronts issues of communication, could it guide the class in understanding and following the rules for language use and communication? We add the book to the list. We must teach as much as possible these days, so every assignment must do the work of six.</p>
<p>The school staff interpreter walks by as we plan, dropping off some water. She is skilled in both English and A.S.L. and listens to us, sharing an idea or two before she leaves. Other bodies float by. I begin to realize the school is not empty, after all; now it begins to feel like the rehearsal stage of a performance. We "actors" take the opportunity to chat and give our heads a break. We talk darkly of coming changes to the school. "Have you heard about the cuts to Teacher's Choice?" Our annual stipend for supplies has shrunk yet again, from a meager $230 to a smaller $150. While the school does order supplies, it's helpful for a teacher to have the flexibility to be inspired and pick up something in a store for a totally new perspective on the subject the next day: now some of our flexibility has been taken away. </p>
<p>The gossip ends on this dark note. Sometimes I think teachers need the outlet of these dark conversations. We have so little in our classrooms in terms of supplies and support; we struggle on a daily basis, even here in the heart of Manhattan. It brings us together, as does coffee and prep time. </p>
<p>Tired of sitting, most of the day already gone, we agree to scour the school for supplies. Rumors have found their way to us of a closet with some forgotten notebooks; could these be presents for our students, free journals which they could use in class? We try to make sure no resource is wasted. On the way we pass janitors, summer school teachers, other administrators; we say hello. Walking up the stairs, which in August smell more of cleaning fluid than children, we pass teacher after teacher. Most of them seem relaxed, are smiling. At the top of the fifth floor, where my classroom was last year and will be this year, there is a piece of paper still on the wall: a poster one of my students drew
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<p>And there is no time left. Three days later; we are in the classroom with our students, excited, nervous. Will our plans work? We are trying hard to leave certain variables in the hands of the students in some ways, they're better at working things out between them than we adults are. "What do <em>you</em> think the rules for communication should be?" I ask them, feeling our own meticulously-developed list in my pocket. For this first week of class, until we have set and practiced the rules, we have and will continue to use an A.S.L. interpreter. </p>
<p>It's only when 11-year old Jam raises her hand and makes a suggestion that neither Anne or I have considered that we smile at each other and I begin to hope one day our interpreter will no longer be needed, will bow smiling out of the classroom and allow these students to build and play with language, even as we teachers do the same: possibly the best kind of learning, and certainly a foundation strong enough to build on.</p>
</div><br clear="all"><a href="http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/">http://lessonplans.blogs.nytimes.com/</a><br>-- <br>=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br>Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br>Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>
Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br>
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