<div dir="ltr"><div><br><br>Announced at <a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/18/18-3847.html">http://linguistlist.org/issues/18/18-3847.html</a> <br>EDITOR: Nic Craith, Máiréad <br>TITLE: Language, Power and Identity Politics <br>
SERIES: Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities <br>PUBLISHER: Palgrave Macmillan <br>YEAR: 2007 <br><br>Paola Attolino, Department of Linguistics, University of Salerno (Italy) <br><br>SUMMARY <br>This book is a collection of eleven papers exploring the interconnections <br>
between language and power in the context of identity politics, with particular <br>reference to the process of globalization and its consequences for languages at <br>all levels, major, regional and migrant. <br><br>The editor opens the volume with an essay titled ''Languages and Power: <br>
Accommodation and Resistance''. She gives a review of past and present studies on <br>the issue of language, power and identity and introduces the different <br>perspectives of analysis adopted in the volume. <br>
<br>The next contribution, Diarmuit Mac Giolla Chríost's ''Globalisation and <br>Transformation: Language Planning in New Contexts'', examines the impact of <br>globalization on the relationships between language, identity and conflict, <br>
pointing to the concentration of new information and communication technologies <br>in urban milieus. The author advocates a redefinition of the notions of <br>community and sovereignty that recognize the importance of 'space' rather than <br>
'place' (Kohut 1977) in the globalized world. This is one of the reasons why <br>English, which is a language no longer identified with a particular territory, <br>will continue to gather momentum. <br><br>The domination of English is queried in Jane Saville's contribution, ''Linguistic <br>
Human Rights in Education: International Case Studies''. In particular, she <br>examines the extent to which linguistic and cultural rights have permeated into <br>educational systems in South Africa, The Philippines and Peru. In all these <br>
three countries the conflict between the use of English and indigenous languages <br>is heavily linked to economic globalization and could prevent many individuals <br>from benefiting from the development of their own countries. <br>
<br>Robert Phillipson's chapter, ''English in Europe: Threat or Promise?'', focuses on <br>the ''Janus-faced'' (p. 71) dimension of English in Europe, illustrated as being a <br>language of opportunity and, at the same time, a threat to the autonomy of <br>
national language. The author of _English-only Europe? Challenging Language <br>Policy_ (2003) here analyzes the pro-English pressures of the European <br>linguistic market, which are encouraged by the United States and seem to <br>
contradict the EU's commitment to maintain linguistic diversity. <br><br>Promotion of minority languages in Europe is a key feature of the contribution <br>by Markus Warasin, ''Minority Protection and Lesser-Used Language Promotion: The <br>
Convention on the Future of the European Union''. The author considers the <br>achievements of speakers of minority languages in the process of designing a new <br>Constitution for Europe. When the Convention began its works in February 2002, <br>
minority protection was not on the agenda. Several debates, conferences and <br>round tables outside the Convention succeeded in generating responses from <br>individual members of the European Convention itself, whose final document could <br>
signal a potentially significant step forward for lesser-used language protection. <br><br>Philip McDermott's contribution, ''Broadcasting for Minorities: The Case of the <br>Celtic Languages'', analyzes the development of Celtic language broadcasting and <br>
draws attention to some of the debates about the use of the media in relation to <br>minority languages. Broadcasting is extremely significant in maintaining the <br>vitality of a linguistic community. Moreover, it has an impact on the <br>
consolidation of a language within family and education systems. In the Republic <br>of Ireland the establishment of a dedicated radio and television service for <br>Irish native speakers has also functioned so as to promote a minority language <br>
on a national level. <br><br>The following three chapters focus on the concept 'community language', used by <br>Price (2000: xiii) to denote the vernaculars of ''reasonably settled communities <br>of (in most cases recent) incomers from such areas as Asia, Africa or the <br>
Caribbean'', which have perceptibly achieved the status of ''languages of Europe'' <br>if not ''European languages''. <br><br>Mary Delargy's contribution, ''Language, Culture and Identity: The Chinese <br>
Community in Northern Ireland'', aims to outline some of the changes that have <br>occurred in the Chinese community since it was first established in Northern <br>Ireland in the early 1960s. A key issue is the influence of English: Chinese <br>
children in Northern Ireland acquire fluent English through their everyday <br>contact with the language, but they feel a language barrier growing up between <br>themselves and their parents, which leads to inter-generational problems of <br>
communication and understanding. <br><br>Rebecca Fong's chapter, ''Intercultural Communication: Chinese Culture in UK <br>Education'', addresses the increasing presence of Chinese students in UK. <br>Countering the over-simplicity of cultural research based on such binary <br>
distinctions as high and low context (Hall 1976), she highlights the role that <br>'cultural awareness' plays in the curriculum, as well as the manner in which <br>this affects teaching and learning expectations. <br>
<br>In his essay, ''Faith, Language and Identity: Muslim Migrants in Scotland and <br>Northern Ireland'', Gabriele Marranci discusses the relationship that his Muslim <br>respondents in Northern Ireland and Scotland have with language and worship. In <br>
particular, he focuses on the official role of Arabic within the ummah <br>('community') and the differences in approach to this language by Muslims in <br>Northern Ireland as opposed to Scotland. In the case of Northern Ireland, <br>
Marranci observes how political sectarianism and what he calls 'symbolphagy' (p. <br>168) have induced the local Muslim community to adopt English rather than Arabic <br>as the main language for their Friday sermons. This approach contrasts sharply <br>
with that of the Muslim communities in Scotland, where the symbolic importance <br>of Arabic as the only acceptable language of the 'emotional community' <br>represented by the ummah is not under discussion. <br><br>
John Dunlop's chapter, ''Language, Faith and Communication'' is also concerned <br>with this view of words as symbols. Looking specifically at barriers to <br>communication between Catholics and Protestants during the Northern Ireland <br>
conflict, Dunlop suggests that speaking the same 'mother tongue' does not <br>necessarily guarantee a similar worldview. He argues that Catholics tend to <br>''read between the lines'' (p. 189) and consider language (including political <br>
statements) as open to interpretation and re-interpretation, whereas Protestants <br>approach language (and politics) in a literal fashion. <br><br>In the final chapter, ''9/11 and the War on Terrorism: The Clash of 'Words', <br>
'Cultures' and 'Civilizations': Myth or Reality'', Javaid Rehman explores the <br>perception of Islam in the wake of the atrocities of September 11, 2001 and the <br>subsequent war on terrorism. He argues that the ''clash of civilizations'' <br>
predicted by Huntington (1993) should not be accepted without question. Instead <br>he queries the differential usage of key words and concepts such as <br>'civilisation', 'human rights' and 'terrorism', considering the extent to which <br>
the application (or misapplication) in the usage of such words has had a major <br>role in exacerbating divisions between contemporary Muslim societies and the <br>Western world. As Rehman puts forth (p. 201), ''The clash, if there is one – <br>
between Islamic states and the West – is not so much about values, but is more a <br>manifestation of control, domination and exploitation.'' <br><br>EVALUATION <br>As Marranci observes in his paper (p. 167), language is more than a medium of <br>
communication: it is a symbol of membership in a community, a sign of belonging <br>to a group. <br><br>The contributions to this very interesting book succeeds admirably in presenting <br>and analyzing a wide variety of issues - mostly concerning Europe - looking into <br>
powerful languages such as English, minority languages such as Irish, and <br>immigrant languages such as Chinese and Arabic. <br><br>On the whole, the volume explores the crucial role of language in negotiating <br>identity and highlights that the idea of power is highly contextual. <br>
<br>The volume combines theoretical and practical discourses on linguistic and <br>cultural heterogeneity. From a more theoretical perspective, it contributes to a <br>deeper understanding of the relationship between language and identity and it is <br>
worthy of a thorough read by anyone interested in the development of minority <br>language endangerment discourses. Furthermore, it provides grounds for further <br>research. <br><br>The contributions are well-balanced with respect to the different approaches <br>
presented. Each chapter includes an overview of the literature and offers <br>attested examples, but beyond the intrinsic interest of the single essays the <br>reader does appreciate the strong interconnection between them. The book is <br>
surprisingly unified, each chapter seems to anticipate the following, thus the <br>discussion on the various case studies turns out to be enjoyably readable and <br>not fragmentary. <br><br>Edited and published in almost perfect quality, the volume displays just a few <br>
bugs related to Italian names (''Romani'' rather than ''Romano'' Prodi on page 67 <br>and ''Marannci'' rather than ''Marranci'' on page 13). <br><br>REFERENCES <br>
Hall, E.T. 1976. _Beyond Culture_. New York: Anchor Books Editions,. <br><br>Huntington, S. 1993. _The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World <br>Order_. London: Simon and Schuster. <br><br>Kohut, H. 1977 _The Restoration of the Self_. New York: International <br>
Universities Press. <br><br>Price, G. (ed.). 2000. _Encyclopaedia of the Languages of Europe_. Oxford: <br>Blackwell. <br><br>Phillipson, R. 2003. _English-only Europe? Challenging language policy_. London <br>and New York. <br>
<br>ABOUT THE REVIEWER <br>Paola Attolino is a researcher in linguistics at the University of Salerno, <br>Italy. Her research interests focus on sociolinguistics, non-standard English, <br>evaluation in language, argumentative discourse, and second language teaching.</div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div><a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-2860.html">http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-2860.html</a></div>
<div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of<br>
the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a <br>message are encouraged to post a rebuttal. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br>*******************************************<br></div></div>