<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">FYI: from this week's Economist:<div><br></div><div><p class="fly-title">Language rows between Slovakia and Hungary</p>
<h1>Hovorte po slovensky!<a href="http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140437#footnote1">*</a></h1><p class="info">Jul 30th 2009 | BRATISLAVA<br>From <em>The Economist</em> print edition</p><h2>Slovakia criminalises the use of Hungarian</h2>
<br>
<div class="content-image-float" style="width: 230px;"><span>Illustration by David Simonds</span></div><p>LANGUAGE laws may protect minority rights or infringe them.
Slovakia’s new law, which comes into force on September 1st, is under
fire for its harshness. It imposes fines of up to €5,000 ($7,000) on
those who break rules promoting the use of Slovak in public.
Hungarian-speakers, who number around a fifth of the population, mainly
in the south of the country, see that as a direct attack on their right
to speak their mother-tongue. So do politicians in neighbouring
Hungary. A long-running dispute between two of Europe’s most prickly
neighbours is turning nasty.</p><p>Slovakia’s left-leaning populist government has been needling
Hungary since it took power in 2006. It sidelined plans for a joint
Hungarian-Slovak history textbook last year and has publicly endorsed
the Benes Decrees, which expelled most Germans and many Hungarians from
the then Czechoslovakia after 1945, as a punishment for their
supposedly Nazi sympathies. The new law tightens rules about speaking
Slovak in dealings with public officials: not just police officers or
teachers, but also, say, doctors. Exceptions apply to monoglots, or in
districts where the minority makes up a fifth or more of the
population. Hungarian-language schools must conduct their
administration in Slovak. The new law also lays down detailed
instructions for the way in which memorials and plaques may be
inscribed</p><p>A party representing the Hungarian minority is mounting a challenge
in the constitutional court: it calls the law “19th-century language
imperialism”. The Slovak response similarly accuses the Hungarians of
hankering for the 19th century: they dominated the region in the
Habsburg era. The Slovak prime minister, Robert Fico, said the real
problem was those wanting to bully Slovaks in the south of the country
into learning Hungarian.</p><p>The Slovak foreign ministry has published (unilaterally) an expert
opinion drawn up in confidence by Knut Vollebaek, high commissioner for
national minorities at the Organisation for Security and Co-operation
in Europe, a Vienna-based international organisation. Mr Vollebaek
agrees that the bill does not in itself contravene international law or
Slovakia’s earlier commitments to protect minority languages. But his
opinion also highlights concerns over the hasty passage of the new
legislation and the danger that it may be interpreted arbitrarily.</p><p>The big question is the meaning of the requirement that Slovak be
used “in public”. Would, say, a Hungarian-speakers’ poetry club have to
arrange for their meetings to be translated into Slovak? Perhaps not,
but it is an odd thing to have to worry about these days in the
European Union.</p><p>Grandstanding in the run-up to elections has fuelled the row. Mr
Fico is gaining record popularity ratings. It helps divert opinion from
issues such as corruption and economic decline. Mikulas Dzurinda, a
former prime minister and opposition leader, says that the real danger
to the Slovak language comes not from tongue-tied ethnic Hungarians,
but from the debasing of Slovak by foul-mouthed chauvinists in the
government, such as the leader of the Slovak National Party, Jan Slota.
He recently provoked uproar by calling a policewoman (she says) a
“cunt”. The charming gentleman’s complaint? She had refused to allow
his driver unauthorised entry to a parliamentary garage. </p>
<br clear="all"><div class="footnotes"><a name="footnote1"></a><p>*Speak Slovak</p></div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140437">http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14140437</a></div><div><br></div><div><br><div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; 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color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div>____________________</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">Dennis Baron</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">Professor of English and Linguistics</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">Department of English<span class="Apple-converted-tab"> </span><span class="Apple-converted-tab"> </span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">University of Illinois<span class="Apple-converted-tab"> </span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">608 S. Wright St.</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; ">Urbana, IL 61801 </font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica">office: 217-244-0568</font><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica">fax: 217-333-4321</font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></font></div></span><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000EE" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; text-decoration: underline; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 72); font-size: 11px; "><a target="_new" href="http://illinois.edu/goto/debaron" title="My faculty home page" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.illinois.edu/goto/debaron</a></span></span></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><br class="khtml-block-placeholder"></font></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Helvetica"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3">read the Web of Language:</font></font></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#000080" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; text-decoration: underline; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(20, 79, 174); font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 72); font-size: 11px; "><a target="_new" href="http://illinois.edu/goto/weboflanguage" title="The Web of Language blog" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; ">http://www.illinois.edu/goto/weboflanguage</a></span></span></span></font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#0000EE" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><br></span></font></div></span></div><div><div><br></div></div></div></span></div></span></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br></div></div></body></html>