<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Julia's comment is on target. The situation is much more nuanced than simply looking at Montreal's general economic trajectory. There are many explanations for the city's economic difficulties (deindustrialization, general shift of economic activity to west, and the flight of capital similar to that experienced by U.S. midwest/northeast cities; disastrous municipal leadership, etc.). A singular focus on "seapratism" or linguistic politics is misleading.<div><div><br></div><div> Moreover, as documented in studies by Vaillancourt, Levine and others, the economic status of Montreal's francophones is demonstrably better than it was in the 1960s; this has hardly been a trade off of linguistic security for economic collapse.</div><div> </div><div><br><div apple-content-edited="true"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><div>Marc Levine</div><div>Professor of History, Economic Development, and Urban Studies</div><div>Director, Consortium for Economic Opportunity</div><div>Director, Center for Canadian-American Policy Studies</div><div>Senior Fellow, Center for Economic Development</div><div>University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee</div><div>414-229-6155</div><div><a href="http://www.ced.uwm.edu">www.ced.uwm.edu</a></div><div><a href="http://www.ccaps.uwm.edu">www.ccaps.uwm.edu</a></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span></span></span></div></span> </div><br><div><div>On Nov 23, 2009, at 12:04 PM, Julia deBres wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Yes, and it's a false dichotomy in any case to say that people have to choose either their language or economic prosperity. It doesn't have to be like that.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; "><br><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><hr size="1"><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">From:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Christina Paulston <<a href="mailto:paulston@pitt.edu">paulston@pitt.edu</a>><br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">To:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Language Policy List <<a href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a>><br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">Sent:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mon, 23 November, 2009 6:21:04 PM<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold; ">Subject:</span></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [lg policy] Canada: Decision for Quebecers<br></font><br>Stan, you are usually pretty sensible. The Francophones did not know the impact their language policies would have on the economy when they implemented them, so you cannot say "by choice". Christina<br><br><br><br><br><br>On Nov 21, 2009, at 12:00 AM, Stan Anonby wrote:<br><br>> Montreal was prospering economically in the '60's; but a shrinking percentage of Quebec residents were speaking French. The writing was on the wall. Basically, the Quebecois chose their language/culture over economic prosperity. It's a tough call, and you've got to admire them for it. Today, threatened languages/cultures the world over usually have to make the same choice.<br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>> Stan Anonby<br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Harold Schiffman" <<a ymailto="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com" href="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com">hfsclpp@gmail.com</a>><br>> To: "lp" <<a ymailto="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu" href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a>><br>> Sent: Friday, November 20, 2009 8:06 AM<br>> Subject: [lg policy] Canada: Decision for Quebecers<br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> Decision for Quebecers<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> The Ottawa CitizenNovember 19, 2009Comments (8)<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> In 1967, Montreal was the capital of Canada. Not in name, but in most<br>>> everything else. People from all over the globe converged on Montreal<br>>> for what was probably the greatest world's fair, Expo 67. The business<br>>> community, with its precious head offices, located in Montreal. It<br>>> spoke two languages so the city was ideally suited to serve business<br>>> and culture in Quebec and the rest of Canada. In addition to<br>>> language, that situation arose because the Canadian highway and<br>>> railway systems ended in Montreal. The city had the first major<br>>> airport in Canada for flights from Europe making it a natural<br>>> entrepôt. The Port of Montreal did big business, located between the<br>>> St. Lawrence Seaway and the Atlantic.<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> In addition, capital flowed from, as it was called then, St. James<br>>> Street, universities grew in two languages, labour was plentiful, and<br>>> a country of resources and a world of traders stood at its door.<br>>> Montreal could speak English to North America and French to<br>>> Europe.Then Montreal, and Quebec, gave it all away. Restrictive<br>>> language policies made Montreal look inward. It went from being the<br>>> major centre of Canada to the major centre of Quebec. Head offices<br>>> fled to Toronto in the face of separatism so the delicate factors of<br>>> production that so favoured Montreal disappeared. Why do business in<br>>> Quebec in French, companies concluded, when you could conduct affairs<br>>> in English in Toronto to serve the bulk of North America? Language<br>>> policy divided Quebec from its position of trade and wealth.<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> Now former Parti Québécois premier Jacques Parizeau is promoting his<br>>> book on sovereignty and dragging out all the old saws about<br>>> independence; for example he argues a national securities regulator<br>>> would undermine Montreal's economic position. Oddly, it was people<br>>> such as Parizeau who did that already. Quebec has an opportunity to<br>>> prosper if Canada signs a free-trade deal with the European Union.<br>>> Montreal could become the entrepôt again between two continents. Or it<br>>> could answer the siren call of nationalism, looking inward. It's up to<br>>> Quebecers to decide.<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.ottawacitizen.com/opinion/Decision+Quebecers/2239238/story.html" target="_blank">http://www.ottawacitizen.com/opinion/Decision+Quebecers/2239238/story.html</a><br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> --**************************************<br>>> N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to<br>>> its members<br>>> and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner<br>>> or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents.<br>>> Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal.<br>>> (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>>> listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>>> *******************************************<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>>> _______________________________________________<br>>> This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<br>>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a ymailto="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu" href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a><br>>> To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list</a><br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br>> _______________________________________________<br>> This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<br>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a ymailto="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu" href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a><br>> To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list</a><br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<br><a ymailto="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu" href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a><br>To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list</a><br></div></div></div><br>Reading this email at work?<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://au.rd.yahoo.com/nz/mail/tagline/2009/jobs/*http://nz.yahoo.com/r/018">Make a change with Yahoo!Xtra Jobs</a>_______________________________________________<br>This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<br><a href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a><br>To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list</a><br></div></span></blockquote></div><br></div></div></body></html>