<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><DIV>Sear Dr Chrisina , </DIV>
<DIV>I will interested in sharing your answer with Mr Zaidi because the minority - majority dichotomy does really mean for me .</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>all the best </DIV>
<DIV>Dr Mostari </DIV>
<DIV><BR><BR>--- On <B>Sun, 4/10/11, Christina Paulston <I><paulston@pitt.edu></I></B> wrote:<BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid"><BR>From: Christina Paulston <paulston@pitt.edu><BR>Subject: Re: [lg policy] A request<BR>To: "Language Policy List" <lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu><BR>Date: Sunday, April 10, 2011, 7:44 AM<BR><BR>
<DIV class=plainMail>I taught at the University of Punjab in 1966. I'll try to answer your question(s) but we better not do this on Lge Policy line and bore every one else. I'll answer you separately. And tomorrow. CBP<BR><BR><BR><BR>On Apr 9, 2011, at 9:43 PM, Zaidi wrote:<BR><BR>> <BR>> Dr Christina<BR>> Many thanks for your response. Let me be specific. Punjabi is the majority<BR>> language of Pakistan (over 60 percent of Pakistanis are native speakers of<BR>> Punjabi). But Punjabi is absent from school to university, media (print and<BR>> electronic), and all the significant state institutions. Punjabis themselves<BR>> consider it a vulgar language and educated Punjabis do not speak it to their<BR>> children. Thus, there is little intergenerational transmission of Punjabi.<BR>> In terms of both Objective and Subjective Ethnolingusitic Vitality, Punjabi<BR>> is seriously undermined. In this
scenario, a Language Maintenance and<BR>> Language Shift (LMLS) study on Punjabi will take it not as THE majority<BR>> language, but A minority language. Now my question is: Does such a situation<BR>> prevail elsewhere? Are there any references? (I can think of Wolof at the<BR>> moment.)There is however, another interesting question: On what basis should<BR>> Punjabi in Pakistan be considered a minority language? This may sound<BR>> strange because I have given reasons above to support my view (that Punjabi<BR>> should be considered a minority language). But my referee is not satisfied<BR>> with this line of argument.<BR>> <BR>> I request more enlightenment on it.<BR>> Regards.<BR>> Abbas Zaidi<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> If by majority, you mean numbers and by minority subordinate groups in a<BR>> nation state, all the native languages of RSA under apartheid ( and probably<BR>> to a degree still) would
be examples. ( If you are picky, you can probably<BR>> find tribal languages of less than the 3 million speakers -- rough estimate<BR>> of Afrikaans speakers -- which would then not qualify). If by majority you<BR>> mean superordinate but small in numbers, the Afrikaners of same time is an<BR>> example, the Swedes in Finland during joint kingdom days, etc. With<BR>> increasing number of democratic countries, and increasing clout through<BR>> actual votes, the first example is becoming less common. We (sociology of<BR>> language people ) don't see very much in the literature of split power<BR>> between groups, e.g. Quebec which had Anglo economic power and Francophone<BR>> demographic, meaning majority votes, power but the present language<BR>> policies are a result of this split power. The Francophone concern for<BR>> Canadian minority language rights has not extended to their
indigenous<BR>> population.<BR>> If I have misinterpreted your question, you will have to define your<BR>> <BR>> terms which I suggest you do anyway. It will make for less confusion.<BR>> But I am guilty of the same; I ( and sociolinguists in general) throw the<BR>> concept of power around without much or any analysis of sources and<BR>> explication in general. If anyone has a useful definition, analysis of<BR>> power, I would love a reference or two. By useful I mean as a concept that<BR>> can do solid work on the language scene. Any poli<BR>> sci people out there? Christina<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> On Apr 9, 2011, at 11:53 AM, Zaidi wrote:<BR>> <BR>>> <BR>>> <BR>>> Friends<BR>>> In what context(s) can a majority language be considered a minority<BR>>> language? Are there some
examples?<BR>>> Many thanks and Regards.<BR>>> Abbas Zaidi<BR>>> <BR>>> _______________________________________________<BR>>> This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<BR>>> <A href="http://us.mc528.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu" ymailto="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</A><BR>>> To manage your subscription unsubscribe, or arrange digest format:<BR>>> <A href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list" target=_blank>https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/listinfo/lgpolicy-list</A><BR>> <BR>> _______________________________________________<BR>> This message came to you by way of the lgpolicy-list mailing list<BR>> <A href="http://us.mc528.mail.yahoo.com/mc/compose?to=lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu"
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