<h2 class="pagetitle">Educational trajectories of English Language Learners examined</h2>
<p class="pubdate"><small> by <a href="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/author/jennifer-wetzel/" title="Posts by Jennifer Wetzel" rel="author">Jennifer Wetzel</a> | Posted on Thursday, Mar. 15, 2012 — 8:00 AM</small></p>
<div id="attachment_148954" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width:595px"><a href="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/files/Hello.jpg"><img class="size-large wp-image-148954" title="Greetings in Different Languages" src="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/files/Hello-585x298.jpg" alt="Greetings in different languages on chalkboard" height="298" width="585"></a><p class="wp-caption-text">
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<p>Public school students who successfully complete English as a Second
Language or bilingual education programs within three years appear to
fare better in meeting basic math and reading proficiency standards than
their peers who remain enrolled in language acquisition courses for
five years or more.</p>
<p>A new <a href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/TexasELLs.pdf">report</a> from Vanderbilt University’s <a href="http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/">Peabody College</a> and the <a href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/">Migration Policy Institute</a>
analyzes a unique longitudinal dataset compiled by the state of Texas
that tracks all students – including the state’s large English Language
Learner (ELL) population – from first grade through college entry. The
authors find that “quick-exiter” ELLs among the cohort of students who
attended Texas schools for all 12 grades achieved the best results among
all ELL groups in meeting Texas basic math and reading proficiency
standards.</p>
<p>In contrast, long-term ELLs – those in ELL programs for five or more years – lagged significantly in every grade.</p>
<div id="attachment_148952" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width:176px"><a href="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/files/FloresStellaM2.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-148952" title="FloresStellaM 300x450" src="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/files/FloresStellaM2-166x250.jpg" alt="Stella Flores" height="250" width="166"></a><p class="wp-caption-text">
Lead author Stella Flores (Steve Green/Vanderbilt University)</p></div>
<p>These and other findings can be found in <a href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/TexasELLs.pdf"><em>The Educational Trajectories of English Language Learners in Texas</em></a><em>,</em> which used data obtained by Peabody’s <a href="http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/flores_stella.xml">Stella Flores</a>, assistant professor of public policy and higher education.</p>
<p>“How these students, many of whom are U.S. natives, fare is of
importance not just to them and their families but to the broader
society in terms of their ability to translate into a productive – and
multilingual – workforce,” said Flores, lead author of the study. “In
particular, expectations for ELL students should go beyond the basic
outcome of achieving English language proficiency and should include the
opportunity to participate in a college-preparatory curriculum that
will pave the way for a better academic and economic future.”</p>
<p>ELL students represent one in nine of the 49.5 million students
enrolled in U.S. public schools – a number that has risen dramatically,
from 3.5 million during the 1998-99 school year to 5.3 million a decade
later. Texas, with 832,000 ELL students, is second only to California,
which has 1.1 million students with limited English proficiency.</p>
<p>“The weaker academic performance evidenced by long-term ELLs raises
important questions on how to address their literacy and linguistic
needs,” said Michael Fix, senior vice president of the <a href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/" target="_blank">Migration Policy Institute</a>
and co-author of the report. “However, with much still unknown about
the reasons why students remain in ELL status for many years, it would
not be prudent to conclude that language acquisition instruction should
be time-limited.”</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study found that Hispanic ELLs who opt out of ESL
or bilingual education programs in favor of English-only courses may be
particularly disadvantaged in terms of college enrollment.</p>
<p>“Parents may feel that they are helping their kids acquire English
more quickly or avoid stigmatization if they keep them out of ESL or
bilingual education classes, but in reality, our findings suggest that
they should consider whether their children might fare better
academically if they remained in language acquisition courses,” said
Jeanne Batalova, policy analyst at the Migration Policy Institute and
co-author of the report.</p>
<p>Among the study’s other top findings:</p>
<ul><li>Students who were ELLs at some point are referred to as “ever-ELLs”
in this report. Black students who were ever-ELLs have higher academic
test outcomes and are more likely to graduate from high school than
their native English-speaking black peers. Asian and non-Hispanic white
ever-ELLs who spent 12 years in Texas public schools (referred to in the
report as the “on-time cohort”) were almost as likely to graduate as
their non-ELL counterparts; while Hispanic ELLs slightly lagged their
counterparts.</li></ul>
<ul><li>ELL students who worked while in school were more likely to go to
college after graduation. While the factors explaining this are
complicated, it may be that jobs offer opportunities for stronger
English language development as well as accrued earnings for family and
college expenses. However, the potential for interference with academic
work is also very real, as demonstrated by the college enrollment lag
for non-ELL students who work while in high school.</li></ul>
<ul><li>While most on-time cohort students achieved the basic proficiency
level on both math and reading tests, much lower shares of ELL students
reached the “commended performance” level.</li></ul>
<ul><li>Enrollment in dual-credit programs that let students gain both high
school and college-level credits at the same time is a critical stepping
stone for ELL students, serving as a stronger predictor of college
enrollment than participation in AP classes or other factors.</li></ul>
<ul><li>Ever-ELLs in the on-time cohort were much more likely, regardless of
racial or ethnic category, to be economically disadvantaged than their
non-ELL counterparts. For example, 90 percent of Hispanic ever-ELLs were
eligible for free or reduced-price school lunches, compared to 65
percent of Hispanic non-ELLs.</li></ul>
<p><a href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/TexasELLs.pdf">View the full report.</a></p><p><a href="http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2012/03/educational-trajectories-of-ell/">http://news.vanderbilt.edu/2012/03/educational-trajectories-of-ell/</a><br>
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