In a Post-9/11 City, a Person’s Language Can Be a Cause for Police Suspicion<br>By MICHAEL POWELL<br>Published: August 27, 2012 6 Comments<br><br><br>Earlier this summer, Thomas P. Galati, commanding officer of the New York Police Department’s elite intelligence division, sat for an unusual legal interrogation, during which he talked of his keen interest in Urdu-speaking New Yorkers.<br>
<br>Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times<br><br>Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly rejects the view that his department’s intelligence unit violated limits on investigations of political groups.<br><br>“I’m seeing Urdu,” Assistant Chief Galati said of the data generated by his eight-person demographics unit, which has eavesdropped on thousands of conversations between Muslims in restaurants and stores in New York City and New Jersey and on Long Island. “I’m using that information for me to determine that this would be a kind of place that a terrorist would be comfortable in.”<br>
<br>Chief Galati, whose job it is to stalk the terrorists who may live in our midst, continued along this line. “A potential terrorist could hide in here,” he said. “Most Urdu speakers would be of concern.” All of which sounds reasonable, sort of, maybe. Except that something in the neighborhood of 80,000 New Yorkers, mostly of Pakistani and Indian descent, speak Urdu. A little later, Chief Galati turned to those New Yorkers — perhaps another 20,000 or 30,000 — who speak Bengali.<br>
<br>“The fact that they are speaking Bengali is a factor I would want to know,” he said, adding that the information was used solely to be able to determine where “I should face a threat of a terrorist and that terrorist is Bengali.” But here is the problem for those eager spies among us. Asked if all of this compiling of Urdu- and Bengali- and Arabic-language hangouts, and all of this listening in on the chatter, had resulted in tips about potential terrorist plots, Chief Galati conceded it had not.<br>
<br>“I could tell you that I have never made a lead from rhetoric that came from a demographics report,” Chief Galati said. (His larger intelligence division has participated in many terror investigations.) The lawyer Jethro Eisenstein, arguing on behalf of plaintiffs in a long-running civil liberties dispute, conducted the legal grilling of Chief Galati. He is trying to determine whether the Police Department’s counterterrorism policies violate a consent decree limiting surveillance of political groups.<br>
<br>Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly adamantly rejects this view, and critics might want to tiptoe carefully here. We live in a world dangerous in many corners, with enough people who wish us ill to cause a Mr. Kelly to stare at his ceiling some nights. Top police officials note, reasonably, that the 9/11 Commission found that six of the 2001 attackers lived in Paterson, N.J., because that city had an Arabic-speaking community. And a handful of the many New York mosques scouted by the police demographics unit have in the past proved remarkably hospitable to very inhospitable men, not least those steeped in the forbidding Salafi strain of Sunni Islam.<br>
<br>Chief Galati argues that if his agents overhear conversations that voice support for, say, Osama bin Laden, such sentiments are worth knowing. This fear too is not easily dismissed. I recall in 2002 talking with a cleric in a mosque on the other side of the tracks of the City of Lackawanna in upstate New York. I was trying to figure out why this seemingly gentle man had allowed a stern young man from Saudi Arabia to counsel impressionable Yemeni-American teenagers.<br>
<br>That stern sort turned out to be an Al Qaeda recruiter. And those impressionable young men ended up in training camps in Pakistan and now are doing long stretches in penitentiaries in the United States.<br><br>So there are dangers, and clerics who are too incautious by half.<br>
<br>The problem is analogous to that raised by the department’s stop-and-frisk tactic. Are there too many gangbangers with too-ready access to dangerous handguns? Yes, this does not give the police the right to randomly stop black men between the ages of 15 and 30. And a few angry young men from Yemen or Pakistan or Saudi Arabia in the streets of New York City do not give the police the right to treat all as if they might offer a safe harbor to terrorists.<br>
<br>New York — and for that matter terrorists — rarely conforms to the communal templates laid down by Chief Galati. If I’m looking for a Pakistani terrorist, he says, I’m hanging with the Urdu speakers. “I’m not going to waste my time in a restaurant where they speak Arabic,” he noted.<br>
<br>Such assumptions might have led an investigator to overlook Khalid Shaikh Mohammed. Mr. Mohammed, the mastermind of the attack on the World Trade Center, was of Pakistani origin, but grew up in Kuwait. And when he was tried for his many crimes at a tribunal at Guantánamo, his translation was not English to Urdu, but English to Arabic. <br>
<br><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/nyregion/in-a-post-9-11-city-a-persons-language-can-be-a-cause-for-police-suspicion.html?_r=1&ref=global-home">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/nyregion/in-a-post-9-11-city-a-persons-language-can-be-a-cause-for-police-suspicion.html?_r=1&ref=global-home</a><br clear="all">
<br>-- <br>=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br> Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br> Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br>
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