<div dir="ltr"><div class="">The English language in the ‘Asian century’</div>
<div class=""><span class="">Phan Le Ha</span><span class="">08 June 2013</span> <span class="">Issue No:275</span></div>
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Asia is seen as the future for the internationalisation of
higher education, and the globalisation of English is enabling this
future. Countries in Asia have therefore started to align their
internationalisation strategies towards this Asia focus.<br>
<br>
For example, Singapore’s Minister of Education Heng Swee Keat concluded
in his talk at the Singapore Management University on 16 February: “Asia
is going to be a critical part of our future. The more we understand
what is going on in Asia, the better our future will be. We must
position ourselves as a global Asian hub that connects Asia with the
world.”<br>
<br>
The internationalisation of higher education and the English language
play a key role in Singapore’s endeavour to become a ‘global Asian hub’
and to identify and create ‘advantages that others find relevant’.<br>
<br>
However, it seems that the internationalisation policies of countries
and universities in Asia seldom question the global dominance of English
and what consequences it may have for knowledge and scholarship
building and the general well-being of Asian societies in the long run.<br>
<br>
Let me now turn to a few interrelated issues to elaborate this problem further. <br>
<br>
Scholars continue to raise questions related to the overemphasis on the
English-only curriculum and the English-only mentality when it comes to
what counts as valid knowledge and as legitimate intellectual sources in
knowledge exchanges and knowledge production. <br>
<br>
More and more (academic) knowledge is produced in English, while less
and less is produced in local (Asian) languages, partly because
publications in English are valued and seen as a desirable sign of
intellectual integration.<br>
<br>
Many scholars, including Asians, also admit that they have not tried to
publish in Asian languages. Many others do not see the need to learn
Asian languages for their academic work because they have many Asian
students eagerly wanting to ‘teach’ them about Asia through the medium
of English. Their engagement with Asia tends to stop at the surface, and
I believe this can be improved. <br>
<br>
<b>The case of Japan</b><br>
<br>
In a forthcoming article on the internationalisation of higher
education, the role of English and national cultural identity issues in
Asia, I analyse in particular Japan’s Action Plan 2003 to ‘Cultivate
Japanese with English Abilities’ and the ‘Global 30’ Project 2008.<br>
<br>
The former endorses the critical role of English for Japan’s advancement
and integration, and notes the essential requirement for global
communication through English language skills in the 21st century.<br>
<br>
The latter aims to introduce English-medium programmes in Japan’s top 30
universities to partly promote Japanese higher education
internationally, to provide access to English to Japanese students and
to attract more international students to Japan.<br>
<br>
One argument put forward in this article is that “the Japanese
government’s policies to strengthen Japanese culture and identity
through its English language education and the internationalisation of
higher education are causing more concern regarding the government’s
perceived identity crisis and a decreasing interest in Japanese
universities from both Japanese and international students”.<br>
<br>
What is more, while Japan has for a long time been paying more attention
to minimising the potential of ‘losing’ the uniqueness of its national
cultural identity through contact with English and the West under the
pressure of globalisation, Japanese scholars have now warned the
government and Japanese universities about something bigger and more
fundamental. <br>
<br>
Precisely, they point to over-reliance on English and the potential loss
of knowledge production in Japanese and other Asian languages, should
these languages not receive serious consideration at a national level. <br>
<br>
<b>Over-reliance on English</b> <br>
<br>
With the expansion of English-language programmes, courses, schools and
universities across Asia as a part of the drive to become international
hubs of education, innovation and scholarship, the over-reliance on
English is becoming even more alarming.<br>
<br>
In certain settings, students start learning in English at a very young
age. It is more common, however, that students stop learning and being
taught in their local languages once they enter university.<br>
<br>
Many students and academics do not know how to present a topic in their
local language because they do not know the norms, genres, styles,
concepts, theories and vocabularies needed to perform such tasks. They
become ‘illiterate’ and thus much less sophisticated in their own
tongues. <br>
<br>
One may also say that for many people in Asia, English is their native
language and thus other local Asian languages are not necessarily their
mother tongues and-or native languages; yet this group is still a tiny
minority in the vast context of Asia. <br>
<br>
This phenomenon has the potential to (re)produce an unequal and somewhat
superficial engagement with scholarship under the banner of
internationalisation that is largely driven by commercialisation, the
overindulgence of English in government policies as well as a
nation-building agenda that tends to take many shortcuts to English
while undermining local languages.<br>
<br>
After all, the international role of English does not have to result in
the impoverishment of knowledge and scholarship in other languages, and
this needs to be realised in policy and practice of the
internationalisation of education and language policies across the Asian
region.<br>
<br>
Likewise, English is never going to entirely replace local languages.
However, it will create a divide in local societies between those who
use English and those who do not. <br>
<br>
At the moment, the knowledge that circulates in the world of
international education does so largely through the medium of the
English language. It only indirectly touches those beyond the
English-language world.<br>
<br>
Part of the rationale for the internationalisation and globalisation of
education is to make the world more equitable – that is, to allow people
everywhere to have access to the same body of knowledge.<br>
<br>
Does that rationale only apply to the English-language world? Or should
policy-makers be thinking about how to move that equity beyond the
language barrier, particularly in the context of the 'Asian century' and
Asia-focused agendas worldwide? <br>
<br>
* <i>Phan Le Ha lectures in the faculty of education at Monash
University in Australia. She has been publishing in the area of English
language education and international education. In her work, she engages
critically with the debates surrounding the global status of English
and the policy and practices of internationalisation. <a href="mailto:ha.phan@monash.edu" class="">Email: ha.phan@monash.edu.</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br><br clear="all"><a href="http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20130605121840593">http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20130605121840593</a><br>
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