<div dir="ltr"><h1>Kenya: Parents Divided Over Language Policy</h1>
<cite class="">By Nduta Waweru, 13 February 2014</cite><div class=""><p>The Ministry of Education recently made
public a policy that will see lower primary children learn their school
work in mother tongue. The Sessional paper 14 of 2012 requires teachers
to teach children below eight years in the language of the catchment
area.</p>
<p>However, the policy has elicited different reactions from
stakeholders in education, with Kenya National Teachers Union chairman
Mudzo Nzili saying the policy is against the aims of education.</p>
<p>"As already indicated, the country is moving towards social
integration and this cannot be achieved when at the same time we have
policies with tribal references as mother tongue shall always prioritise
tribes," he said. "Education in Kenya is to promote unity within the
community, and the sessional paper is not fair to social development and
integration."</p>
<p>The introduction of the 8-4-4 system in January 1985 came with the
provision that the first three years of education should be conducted in
mother tongue and English to be introduced from class four to eight.
While in rural areas the language of instruction was the language of the
catchment area, Kiswahili is to be used in urban areas.</p>
<p>However, over the years, schools have resorted to English as the
language of instruction all through primary school. There were quite a
number of issues that arose with the adoption of mother tongue as a
medium of instruction.</p>
<p>According to stakeholders, the reintroduction of indigenous languages
for instruction in lower primary school is counterproductive for the
development of the country. To most of them, there are many
disadvantages of using mother tongue as compared to using Kiswahili and
English, including mother tongue comes with less vocabulary and cannot
be used in the teaching of subjects like science and maths. Furthermore,
they argue that teachers are not trained to use mother tongue as
language of instruction.</p>
<p>"Early Childhood Education graduates go through thorough pedagogical
training, where the use of language as envisioned in the sessional paper
is not a part of," says Nzili, adding that such a policy goes against
Vision 2030 that seeks to mainstream basic education. He says the
ministry should take into account such factors while coming up with
educational policies.</p>
<p>The reaction has been the same with a section of parents who consider the move as backward.</p>
<p>"Mother tongue should be left to the homes and not dragged into
schools," says George Obanda, a parent who believes that it is the
responsibility of the parent to teach their children their mother tongue
and not force the burden to teachers, some of whom may not speak the
language of the catchment area.</p>
<p>Christine Mbaya prefers her children to be taught in English and Swahili rather than mother tongue.</p>
<p>"With these two languages, they will be able to interact with people
from different communities and prepare them to navigate the world," she
says, adding that children do not need to be taught in mother tongue for
them to be competent as they can do that in other situations.</p>
<p>Brian Kimani believes that the move will come with a variety of complications.</p>
<p>"Consider places where the there are a variety of dialects, which one
will be used? And who determines which dialect to be used?" he asks. He
said there will be social problems in the future as such a move will
give unfair advantages to pupils from areas where Kiswahili is the
language of the catchment area.</p>
<p>According to Prof Egara Kabaji, the policy has been in place for many
years and the pronouncement by the Ministry is only supposed to make it
functional.</p>
<p>"It is categorical that children are taught in the language of the
catchment area and if it is an urban area, the language is Kiswahili,"
he says. He said the policy is very important and we should all work
together to enforce it.</p>
<p>"Research has indicated that children will learn faster in the
language they understand. There is no pride in teaching your child
English as a first language. It is very stupid," he says, adding that
ECD is not going to be affected in any way as teachers are usually from
the catchment areas.</p>
<p>The former chairman of the National Cohesion and Integration Commission, Mzalendo Kibunjia, supports the move by the ministry.</p>
<p>"The constitution states that it is the government's responsibility
to promote indigenous language and culture, and how else would it do it
apart from using vernacular languages to teach children in lower primary
school?" he poses, adding that the people opposing the policy are just
doing so because of fear.</p>
<p>"The reason for this fear is the lack of understanding. Having a Luo
living in Meru county learn in Meru from class one to class three will
make it easier for them to understand how the Meru live, and thus
enhance integration," he says.</p>
<p>Dr Francis Owaka, a philosopher lecturer at the University of Nairobi, considers the policy to have been overtaken by events.</p>
<p>"It was a good idea back then as it reflected the local realities,
besides teachers never used to go to training school and used to work
where they grew up. Now, we have teachers from other counties applying
to teach in Nairobi."</p>
<p>He said with the plans for national integration, the policy is retrogressive.</p>
<p>"The policy has been around for the longest time, but now we should
ask ourselves why hasn't it been implemented? It is because it comes
with more disadvantages than advantages," he says, adding that the use
of mother tongue is one of the main reasons why students in urban areas
perform better than those in rural areas.</p>
<p>Dr Owaka says the domestication of science in Swahili is already a
problem, adding that the third tier of domesticating science further in
local languages is making things even harder. He said currently some
students still get to institutions of higher learning when they are
still quite illiterate, giving teachers a hard time, and thus promoting
the use of mother tongue will make an already bad situation worse.</p>
<p>According to a 2009 study, Actualising Free Primary Education for
Sustainable Development, by Mbatha Mathooko of Jomo Kenyatta University
of Agriculture and Technology, some of the ways that can be used to
ensure mother tongue is feasible as language of instruction is to ensure
that learning materials in mother tongue is not only prepared but also
expanded and research over them done extensively. There should also be
radio and TV programmes that use mother tongue as well as training of
ECD students to handle vernacular languages.</p>
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