<div dir="ltr"><h1>For Ukrainian voters, key is policy preferences, not native language or ethnicity, of candidates</h1> <div id="article-politics_1409076244938_994" class=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="">
<div class=""> <div class=""> <a tabindex="1"><span class="">Share on Facebook</span><span class=""></span></a></div> <div class=""> <a tabindex="2"><span class="">Share on Twitter</span><span class=""></span></a></div> <div class="">
<a tabindex="3"><span class="">Share on Google Plus</span><span class=""></span></a></div> <div class=""> <a href="mailto:?subject=For%20Ukrainian%20voters,%20key%20is%20policy%20preferences,%20not%20native%20language%20or%20ethnicity,%20of%20candidates%20from%20The%20Washington%20Post&body=http%3A%2F%2Fwapo.st%2F1p8sccN" tabindex="4"><span class="">Share via Email</span><span class=""></span></a></div>
<div class=""> <a><span class="" tabindex="5">More Options</span><span class=""> </span></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="slug_tiffany_tile" class="" style="display:block;padding-left:20px!important;height:auto;max-height:60px;overflow:hidden">
</div> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <div class=""> <span class="" tabindex="9">Resize Text</span><span class=""></span></div> <div class=""> <a tabindex="10"><span class="">Print Article</span><span class=""></span></a></div>
<div class=""> <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/27/for-ukrainian-voters-key-is-policy-preferences-not-native-language-or-ethnicity-of-candidates/#" tabindex="11"><span class="">Comments</span><span class=""></span> <span id="echo_container_1409236433438_710" class="">0</span></a></div>
</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-politics_1401987739856_838" class=""> <div id="article-body" class=""> <div class=""> <span class="">By Timothy Frye</span> <span class="">August 27 at 11:13 AM</span> </div>
<div class=""> <img class="" alt="A woman casts her ballot at a polling station during presidential and mayoral elections in Kiev, Ukraine, Sunday, May, 25, 2014. (AP Photo / Evgeniy Maloletka)" src="http://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/files/2014/08/05_AP181597412716_1-1.jpg" style="max-width: 600px;"> <div class="" style="max-width:600px">
A
woman cast her ballot at a polling station during presidential and
mayoral elections in Kiev, Ukraine, on May, 25. (AP Photo / Evgeniy
Maloletka)</div> </div> <p><em>Joshua Tucker: The following is a guest post from Columbia University political scientist <a href="http://www.columbia.edu/%7Etmf2/">Timothy Fyre</a>.</em></p> <p>*****</p> <p>President Petro Poroshenko recently announced that Ukraine will <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-25/ukraine-president-poroshenko-calls-snap-general-election.html">elect</a> a new Parliament on Oct. 26. One would expect voters to place a high priority on a candidate’s <a href="http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/05/08/despite-concerns-about-governance-ukrainians-want-to-remain-one-country/pg-2014-05-08-ukraine-russia-1-03/">ethnicity</a> and <a href="http://eep.sagepub.com/content/27/2/280.abstract">language</a>.
Both have been enduring themes in Ukrainian politics, and the tragic
military conflict in the east of the country highlights these cleavages.</p> <p>In a recent <a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2477440">paper</a>,
however, I found that while a voter’s ethnicity and language influenced
a hypothetical vote choice, a candidate’s language and ethnicity were
far less relevant. Russian and Ukrainian voters were not much moved by
learning that a candidate was Russian or Ukrainian or was a native
speaker of Russian or Ukrainian. Far more important was whether a
candidate favored an economic policy orientation toward Russia or
Europe.</p> <p>These findings are based on a national survey (see the
paper for details) conducted in late June in which I created eight
fictional candidates for a seat in the Ukrainian parliament who varied
along three features: 1) ethnicity as revealed by either a distinctly
Russian or Ukrainian name 2) native language of Russian or Ukrainian and
3) whether they supported closer economic ties with Russia or with
Europe.More specifically, interviewers asked:</p> <p>Let’s say that
there were elections to the Supreme Rada. A candidate with the following
features took part in the race. About how willing would you be to vote
for this candidate? [<strong>Ivan Egorovich Filinov/Boris Bogdanovich Tkachenko</strong>] is a 40 year-old businessman who speaks [<strong>Russian/Ukrainian</strong>]
as his native language. He is promising to reduce corruption, increase
spending on education, and build tighter economic ties with [<strong>Russia/Europe</strong>.]</p> <p>One
of the eight versions of the question was then randomly assigned to
each respondent. Caveats up front. This vignette does not capture the
nuances of language use, ethnicity, or policy orientation. Economic
policy orientation toward Russia and Europe is freighted with deep
cultural and political connotations; ethnicity is more subtle than a
name; and native language does not include the possibility of being
bilingual. Yet comparing how small changes in a candidate’s profile
shape vote preferences can help identify the independent impact of these
factors that are often highly correlated.</p> <p>Despite
the candidates’ distinctive ethnicities, native languages, and an
ongoing conflict laden with ethnic and linguistic overtones, there is
little difference in the average level support for each of these
candidates. The differences in the average support for 7 of the 8
candidates are statistically indistinguishable from zero. Surprisingly,
the “average” respondent does not appear to be strongly swayed by
candidate language, ethnicity, or policy orientation.</p> <p>These
“average” levels of support mask, however, vast differences in the
preferences of voters of different ethnicities and native languages.
Breaking down the responses according to the language and ethnicity of
the respondents reveals a far different pattern. Table 1 reports the
hypothetical vote preferences of three groups of respondents: ethnic
Russians whose native language is Ukrainian (23 percent of the sample),
ethnic Ukrainians whose native language is Ukrainian (59 percent), and
ethnic Russians whose native language is Russian (16 percent).</p> <p>For
example, consider Candidate 3. Filinov is an ethnic Russian who speaks
Ukrainian and favors closer ties with Russia. Among native
Russophone-Ukrainians, this hypothetical candidate is quite popular and
receives a score of 3.90; among native Ukrainophone-Ukrainians, however,
the score is just 2.28. Among the relatively smaller number of native
Russophone-Russians the score is 3.29. Looking across all candidates,
we find significant differences in the responses of Ukrainian speakers
who are ethnic Russian and who are ethnic Ukrainian in five of the
eight candidates.</p> <div class=""> <img class="" alt="Figure and Data: Timothy Frye, Columbia University." src="http://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/files/2014/08/Frye_Table1.png" style="max-width: 600px;"> <div class="" style="max-width:600px">
Figure and Data: Timothy Frye, Columbia University.</div> </div> <p>Three
candidates (4, 6 and 8) all of whom favored closer economic ties with
Europe drew roughly equal levels of support from all three groups of
respondents. That voters of different ethnicities and language
backgrounds express roughly similar support for these three candidates
suggests that voting in Ukraine has not yet been reduced to an ethnic or
linguistic census despite the ongoing violent conflict in Eastern
Ukraine.</p> <p>Most interesting, among all respondents candidate policy
orientation toward Russia or Europe is a powerful mover of vote choice,
even more so than candidate language or ethnicity. Neither native
Russian speaking nor native Ukrainian speaking respondents were much
moved in their vote choice by changing the candidate’s language or
ethnicity. However, as shown in Table 2, native Ukrainian speaking
respondents were significantly more likely to support candidates who
favored an economic policy orientation toward Europe. The differences in
responses in each of these four paired comparisons that hold candidate
ethnicity and language constant, but vary policy orientation are
statistically significant at the .10 level.</p> <p>Among
Russian speakers, the magnitude of the change in support for these four
candidates is similar, but in the opposite direction as Russian
speakers are far less likely to support a candidate who backs closer
economic ties with Europe. The importance of policy orientation is even
found among the subset of respondents from the four eastern regions of
Ukraine. Of course, economic policy orientation here should be broadly
conceived as ties to Europe and Russia area loaded with political and
cultural meaning, as well.</p> <div class=""> <img class="" alt="Note: Figure only shows results for native Ukrainian speaking respondents (Figure and Data: Timothy Frye, Columbia University)" src="http://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/files/2014/08/Frye_Table2.png" style="max-width: 600px;"> <div class="" style="max-width:600px">
Note: Figure only shows results for native Ukrainian speaking respondents (Figure and Data: Timothy Frye, Columbia University)</div> </div> <p>In
sum, native Ukrainian and native Russian speakers have different
preferences over their candidates in many, but not all, cases,
suggesting that voters consider factors other than ethnicity and
language in the ballot box. Most interesting, a candidate’s policy
orientation toward Russia or Europe drives vote choice far more than
about a candidate’s ethnicity or language. That policy orientation,
broadly understood, matters so prominently gives some hope that the
parliamentary election in the fall will not be simply an ethnic or
linguistic census.</p> </div> <br></div><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/27/for-ukrainian-voters-key-is-policy-preferences-not-native-language-or-ethnicity-of-candidates/">http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/08/27/for-ukrainian-voters-key-is-policy-preferences-not-native-language-or-ethnicity-of-candidates/</a><br clear="all">
<br>-- <br>**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br>
<br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************
</div>