<div dir="ltr"><span class="">Global English and SL Election</span><br>
<span class="">Posted on December 31st, 2014</span>
<h2><span style="color:rgb(0,0,255)">By Rohana R. Wasala</span></h2>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Courtesy <em>The Island</em></span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">In the modern society, education is
meaningless without a good knowledge of at least one useful world
language in addition to one’s mother tongue. For the majority of Sri
Lankans, this means an indispensable knowledge of Sinhala or Tamil plus
English. (The government’s praiseworthy target of a trilingual Sri
Lanka is in excess of this barest minimum need.) Among nations in the
world we are in an advantageous position in this respect because, for
historical reasons, English is easily available to us, and in the form
of Globish, it happens to be ‘the worldwide dialect of the third
millennium’. This is an inestimable asset in a world where there is
probably no country that does not pay special attention to the teaching
of English.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The supremacy of English in our context
as a world language is undisputed. Whatever is said and done, the
commercial, political, military, cultural and other interactions of the
English speaking peoples with other nations over the past few centuries
have been such that English has emerged as the single most powerful
common language of the world. It was the language of imperialism once,
and is today the dominant language of global capitalism; it reigns
supreme in every significant domain of human activity: science and
technology, trade, communications, culture, politics, diplomacy, sports,
and every other conceivable sphere.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Not long ago, linguists feared that
English, being adopted by so many diverse nations of the world, would
disintegrate into a multiplicity of mutually unintelligible dialects.
But these fears are no more. Apparently, the era of ‘New Englishes’ is
on its way out. The nations of the world have been brought closer
together than ever before by constantly advancing communications
technologies. In the highly globalized world of today where ‘There is no
such thing as Abroad’, chances are few for the geographical isolation
and other forms of barriers necessary for the evolution of New Englishes
to develop as separate languages. The two universally dominant native
dialects of English, British and American, have jointly morphed into
‘Globish’, which transcends national boundaries, and like any other
dialect will go on evolving. Globish enables our students to interact
with the outside world in many creative ways. It is the most widely used
medium of the internet. An overwhelming advantage that IT (information
technology) confers on learners of English in this context is that it
puts it literally at their finger tips; easily exploitable resources
abound in the internet for multimodal English instruction and practice
(for free) for those interested. It is this invaluable linguistic
resource that is within easy reach of all Sri Lankans.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">An adequate knowledge of English is an
essential component of the meaningful education that Sri Lankans of all
economic, social and ethnic backgrounds desire. Development-oriented
education must feature among the really substantive issues that should
be raised by a serious opposition during the ongoing campaigning before
the presidential election on January 8, 2015. Which candidate offers
the best prospects for the fulfillment of that desire is likely to be
one of the questions that the informed voters would ask themselves in
this election.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The mature Sri Lankan electorate can be
expected to treat each major political party’s policy regarding the use
of English as a significant factor to take notice of. This is
irrespective of whether the matter is explicitly mentioned in the
election manifestoes or is reflected in the conduct and utterances of
the members of the various political parties or groupings. Fortunately,
there is reason to believe (on the basis of campaign speeches heard
during previous elections in the not too distant past) that generally
representatives of all political factions agree about the crucial
importance of English not only for education but for all other fields
where linguistic communication matters including particularly
interactions with foreign countries and international organizations.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The usefulness of English is a reality
that even the nationalist pioneers of educational and language policy
reforms unanimously recognized. Sri Lanka’s language planning endeavours
started in the 1944-45 period with the Kannangara reforms in the
education field, that is, a few years before British rule ended in 1948.
The vast majority of the population were discriminated against on the
basis of language and religion during colonial times. Sinhala speaking
Buddhists and Tamil speaking Hindus and Muslims were oppressed while the
Westernized, English speaking Christian minority were accorded a
privileged status. The Sinhalese Buddhist majority were the worst
persecuted community during that time. The 1956 nationalist attempt to
democratically put an end to centuries of language and religion-based
discrimination against the Sinhalese Buddhist majority faced opposition
from the ethnically mixed Westernized minority which had been privileged
under colonial rule. Of course, most nationalist agitators for reform
also came from the same class, as they had to. Critics of the changes
introduced after the 1956 ‘revolution’ talk as if it was the beginning
of ‘language politics’ in Sri Lanka, which it was not. If there were any
anomalies in the new official language policies, they were rectified in
subsequent legislation.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The post-1956 language policies have
benefited the poor of all ethnic groups by making the achievement of
equality of opportunity in employment as well as education more of a
possibility. Of course, the dethronement of English in the government
service may have negatively affected ethnic minorities which had earlier
enjoyed certain advantages over the majority through English. But the
pro-poor policies in education enabled more students from the poor
classes irrespective of ethnicity to enter the university.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">Before these changes, English was both
imperial and imperious. Today, in Sri Lanka as elsewhere, it is neither
imperial nor imperious, but merely utilitarian. In Robert McCrum’s words
(Globish, 2011) ….the world’s English becomes the linguistic default
position for the society that the journalist Thomas Friedman has
described as ‘flat’.”, where ‘flat’ implicitly means ‘leveled through
the use of the common medium of global English’ (my elucidation). It
provides, in the global theatre, a level playing field in business as
well as education.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The nationalists (to whom the main
constituent party of the ruling alliance harks back) envisioned a
flatter (in the above sense) and more just society through the
restoration of the national languages to their due position of
prominence. For the selfsame purpose they wanted English to be available
as a second language to all the children of the country irrespective of
their social and economic background (which was unheard of before), and
took active steps towards that goal. But these pioneers (including
Kannangara) have been always wrongly blamed for having allegedly
deprived generations of Lankan school children of a good knowledge of
English. That their successors failed to bring the original visionary
plans to fruition was due to a number of factors, the major one of these
being the absence of inspiring leadership that would have kept the long
term visionary aims of the originators alive; another was that that
politicians sacrificed national interest, as they often do, for
political advantage.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"> The two decades from 1960 to 1980 saw
the masses of swabhasha medium students possessed by a false sense of
security (based on the erroneous notion that education through the
mother tongue was adequate) that prevented them from making a serious
attempt to learn English. Despite the well meant efforts of different
governments to bolster up the state English language teaching programme,
a rot set in from which there seemed to be no escape. While many failed
to learn any English even though there was, as there always has been,
an environment in the country conducive for learning English, the
self-motivated few learned their English and improved their academic and
employment prospects. With the introduction of liberalized economic
policies and the emergence of opportunities for private education at
home and abroad in the next decades, those sections of the population
who could afford it got a chance to learn English outside the state
school system. But the problem of little or no proficiency in English
particularly among suburban and rural children remained. Critics of the
promotion of national languages as mediums of education in place of
English which had benefited only a small privileged minority felt
vindicated. Certain politicians from the same class, who paid little
attention to the noble aims of the initiators of swabhasha education or
implicitly dismissed them with some contempt, adopted patchwork policies
to remedy the situation. Though these were unavoidable in the
circumstances, more forethought should have been exercised to prevent
the recall of English from disadvantaging the poor while serving only
the interests of the rich. The nationalist reformers always meant to
bring justice for all, while restoring the rights of the long oppressed
masses.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"> The Ten Year National Master Plan for a
Trilingual Sri Lanka (2011-2020) launched as a presidential initiative
is the largest, most ambitious, implementation-oriented language
management exercise the country has ever had. While being in compliance
with the vision of the early reformers it tries to address the language
problem in a broader social and political context and from a more
comprehensive perspective than before. A government can only formulate
plans based on its policies and provide the finance necessary for their
implementation. The successful implementation depends on the faithful
fulfillment of their fiduciary obligations by the bureaucrats. There is
no reason to believe that this is not happening.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">I count this among the many development
projects of the Mahinda Rajapakse government launched in the wake of
the successful conclusion of the war. For these the government must be
praised. The face of the country is changing for the better. Of course,
there many shortfalls to be attended to. But there is no one else at the
present time who can fix them other than Mr Mahinda Rajapaksa himself.
The disorganized opposition’s exclusive focus on less urgent issues like
nepotism, corruption, bad governance etc proves that it has no credible
allegations against the government. The institution of the executive
presidency facilitated the solution of the problem of separatist
terrorism. The evil potential of that office has not been exhibited
under the present incumbent. All indications are that the government is
delivering on its promises in less than ideal circumstances. If it is
only the West and their local stooges who have decided that there is a
need for a regime change here at this juncture, it must be for their own
benefit. The Sri Lankan public will be benefited only if they are
allowed to elect or reject in freedom, by exercising their democratic
right of the vote, the popular Mr Mahinda Rajapaksa who is heading a
performing government.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The third stage of the Mahinda Chintana
manifesto Lowa dinana maga” (On the road to global success) was
launched at the BMICH on 23<sup>rd</sup> December. Like other countries
in the world, rich or poor, Sri Lanka needs its youth to be proficient
in the ‘worldwide dialect of the third millennium’ for achieving
successful economic growth and for improving its international standing.
It is this need that the ten year trilingual initiative mentioned above
is designed to fulfill. The programme is soon entering its fifth year.
It will be in the interest of the nation if it is allowed to run its
course uninterrupted. <br></span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2014/12/31/global-english-and-sl-election/">http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2014/12/31/global-english-and-sl-election/</a><br></span></p><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
</div>