<div dir="ltr"> <div id="specificcontent"> <p>In
the waning days of 2014, as the days reached their shortest and the
cold its deepest, a small bit of dual language learner news sparked up
here in Washington, D.C. The Department of Education <a href="http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/learning-the-language/FL%20EL%20letter%2012%2022%202014%20%282%29.pdf">agreed to allow</a> Florida an extra year before including dual language learners and English language learners’ test scores in <a href="http://www.edcentral.org/real-clear-education-anemic-accountability-can-fix/">school accountability systems</a> (as part of the state’s <a href="http://www.edcentral.org/edcyclopedia/no-child-left-behind-overview/" target="_self" title="No Child Left Behind (NCLB) refers to a 2001 law that was the most recent iteration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), the major federal law authorizing federal spending on programs to support K-12 schooling. ESEA is the largest source of federal spending on elementary and secondary education. History ESEA was..." class="">No Child Left Behind</a> waiver). That is, DLLs and ELLs may now be enrolled in Florida schools for two years—rather than one—before their <i>proficiency</i> rates are included in accountability calculations. They will still be tested, and their academic <i>growth</i>
will still be included in accountability systems after one year in
Florida schools. (Sidenote: proficiency measures are those that capture
student mastery of content and skills for a particular grade level.
Growth measures capture students’ progress over time, whether or not
they achieve proficiency.) <a href="http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/learning-the-language/2014/12/feds_grant_florida_waiver_on_e.html"><i>Ed Week</i> has the full story here</a>.</p> <p>As
a matter of policy, politics, and research, this is contested turf.
That is, it’s not clear that there is a right answer for when DLLs and
ELLs are ready to be assessed, much less when their scores can be
validly included in accountability systems. As is usual with language
learners, the policy puzzle hinges on how similar and how different they
are from their monolingual peers. As a matter of equity, it’s good that
they be assessed and included in any data portfolio that claims to
illustrate how schools and districts are performing. That is, they
should be treated the <i>same</i> as other students. And yet, DLLs and
ELLs may have different linguistic developmental needs than monolingual
students, and that the assessments in use are rarely designed with these
differences in mind. After wrestling with these concerns, policymakers
usually try to retrofit assessment policies to reflect that fact.</p> <p>In
short, there probably isn’t a “correct” policy here. The number of
years before DLLs and ELLs’ scores are included in these systems is
probably less consequential than ensuring that they receive high-quality
supports at school. Of course, it is easier to determine the quality of
supports if their academic progress is monitored, but the timing of the
stakes involved is probably not especially critical.</p> <p>But when it
comes to policy reforms in Washington, questions of substantive merit
are never the whole story. What about the politics? What about the
symbolism?</p> <p>Well, the Department’s concession to Florida is notable for a number of reasons. First of all, it’s a reversal of the <a href="http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/learning-the-language/2014/10/ed_dept_and_florida_continue_f.html">administration’s earlier position</a>, which was that <a href="http://www.edcentral.org/edcyclopedia/no-child-left-behind-overview/" target="_self" title="No Child Left Behind (NCLB) refers to a 2001 law that was the most recent iteration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), the major federal law authorizing federal spending on programs to support K-12 schooling. ESEA is the largest source of federal spending on elementary and secondary education. History ESEA was..." class="">No Child Left Behind</a>’s
testing rules for DLLs and ELLs clearly required states to include
these students’ test scores in accountability measures after one year in
public schools.</p> <p>Second, it’s indicative of the Department’s new willingness to use <a href="http://www.edcentral.org/edcyclopedia/waivers/" target="_self" title="Waivers under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (currently known as No Child Left Behind) allow states to avoid NCLB-mandated accountability targets in favor of state-determined accountability regimes. Most states have applied for and received a waiver from the Department of Education that allows them to avoid the 100 percent proficiency targets set by No Child..." class="">waivers</a> to adjust core elements of NCLB’s core approach to DLLs and ELLs. Obama and Duncan have been criticized by <a href="http://www.buenopolicycenter.org/documents/Policy_Review_Opportunity_Lost_2013.pdf">some advocates</a> for failing to incorporate these students’ needs in their reforms thus far. <a href="http://www.p12.nysed.gov/biling/docs/ESEAWaiver04-14.pdf">New York has also sought similar flexibility</a> from <a href="http://www.edcentral.org/edcyclopedia/no-child-left-behind-overview/" target="_self" title="No Child Left Behind (NCLB) refers to a 2001 law that was the most recent iteration of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), the major federal law authorizing federal spending on programs to support K-12 schooling. ESEA is the largest source of federal spending on elementary and secondary education. History ESEA was..." class="">No Child Left Behind</a>’s
DLL/ELL assessment rules. Florida’s successful bid will make it
difficult for the administration to turn away similar requests from
other states.</p> <p>Third, the news broke right before a major holiday, which is when the administration (like most administrations) <a href="http://edexcellence.net/commentary/education-gadfly-daily/flypaper/2012/the-disappointing-but-completely-predictable-results-from-SIG.html">tends to release uncomfortable education news</a>.</p> <p>Finally,
the waiver is notable because it comes at a time when pushback against
required assessments seems to be growing. Teachers unions have joined
Republicans in Congress in calling for fewer tests and lower stakes for
whatever assessments remain. Republican education committee chairs like
Rep. John Kline (MN) and Lamar Alexander (TN) have signaled that they
may pursue an end to NCLB’s annual testing mandate.</p> <p>While I
remain skeptical that the mandate will be meaningfully changed—mostly
because I doubt that NCLB will actually be reauthorized this
Congress—the nation’s seeming anti-testing mood certainly provides an
intriguing backdrop for the Department’s willingness to give more
flexibility around the stakes attached to DLLs and ELLs’ assessment
results.</p> <p>Of course, the politics around this move and the broader
testing mandate are extremely complicated. Civil rights groups, DLL and
ELL advocates, and many others have complained vociferously about
various provisions of NCLB, but almost all cite the law’s assessment
data pieces as critical reforms. These data illuminated the yawning
achievement gaps between different subgroups of students, including
between language learners and monolingual English speakers.</p> <p>The
data also made it possible to develop more complete accounts of
students’ academic growth, which illuminated areas of schools’ success
and failure that were invisible when they only assessed at the end of
grade spans and measured academic proficiency. If a student is three
years behind grade level reading in fourth grade, and makes two years of
reading growth that year, she would score “not proficient” at the end
of the year. Without annual assessments that illustrate her benchmark
achievement each year, her dramatic academic growth is impossible to
see.</p> <p>Is ED’s move the opening of the floodgates towards fewer—and
less consequential—assessments for DLLs and ELLs? Or is it simply
another tweak to suit a few states’ preferences for how their education
systems include DLLs? We’ll see.</p><p><a href="http://www.edcentral.org/dllflex/">http://www.edcentral.org/dllflex/</a><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
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