<div dir="ltr"><h1 class=""><a href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/1008926/language-has-no-ethnicity/">Language has no ethnicity</a></h1><div class=""><div class="">By <a href="http://tribune.com.pk/author/6136/dr-ahmar-mahboob/" title="Posts by Dr Ahmar Mahboob">Dr Ahmar Mahboob</a></div><div class="" title="2015-12-12T18:08:16 GMT">Published: December 12, 2015</div></div><div class=""><div class=""> <img src="http://i1.tribune.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/1008926-DrAhmarMahboob-1449939635-625-640x480.JPG" alt="The writer earned his PhD at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is currently Senior Lecturer at the University of Sydney and has worked in the areas of language policy development and issues surrounding minority languages in South Asia" height="469" width="625"></div><p class="">
The writer earned his PhD at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is
currently Senior Lecturer at the University of Sydney and has worked in
the areas of language policy development and issues surrounding minority
languages in South Asia</p></div><p>It is not uncommon for people to
associate a particular language with an ethnic or a regional group.
People often relate a language to the group of people who speak it as a
mother tongue; for example, Balochi is associated with the Baloch;
Sindhi with Sindhis; Shina with people from Gilgit and Baltistan and so
on. While labelling languages based on ethnic or geographical groups is
convenient, we need to note that language itself does not have any
ethnicity or nationality.</p><p>This observation is useful, particularly
important in contexts where language has become a political issue e.g.,
in Pakistan. We often hear <a href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/704081/language-and-politics-one-language-does-not-guarantee-a-strong-state-says-soofi/" target="_blank">calls for recognition of certain languages</a>
as provincial, national or official languages. Some people start
believing that their community is under-privileged because they speak a
local language as their mother tongue and not the ‘provincial’,
‘national’ or ‘official’ language. Others start believing that their
language is under attack by the dominant linguistic community and that
they need to defend it. Based on such beliefs, they may abandon their
language (leading to language death), or may become activists striving
for language equity. While the experiences that lead people into taking
such positions may be real, language is not the key issue here.
Recognition of a language by itself does not give status to or bring
socioeconomic benefits to a community. For example, while Urdu is one of
the officially recognised languages in India, this recognition by
itself does not empower the Urdu-speaking population in India.
Socioeconomic and political imbalances are perpetuated by those in power
to maintain their own interests and to change these imbalances we need a
different set of strategies. Changing the status of a language may
carry symbolic value, but will not on its own change the socioeconomic
or political status of people who speak that language. In fact, in some
ways, learning the language of power can give people more access to
resources than trying to make their language (nominally) recognised.
Once a community has these resources, it can take actions to protect and
enhance its language.</p><p>In order to understand this better, we need
to clarify what language is and what language is not. Language is a
semiotic system: it helps create, represent and mediate meaning. Without
language (whether spoken, written or signed), humans would not be able
to develop the societies that we live in today. Language is a key tool
that enables us to do things that other living beings are not able to
accomplish. All human communities, regardless of where they are, use
language to develop an understanding of themselves and their
surroundings and transmit these to other members of their community (and
potentially to people outside their community). The actual forms used
and meanings construed through language in different communities, in
different places and at different times can vary greatly and may or may
not be mutually intelligible. We often (but not always) label mutually
intelligible ways of communicating as a particular language, e.g.,
Gujarati is a language that is mutually intelligible to all people who
speak that language. While a language may be given names based on an
ethnic, regional or national community that uses that language, language
itself does not have any ethnicity or nationality. The ethnic indexing
of a language is a result of socio-political and historical processes;
there is nothing intrinsically ethnic about a language.</p><p>All
languages are the same in that they are all semiotic systems. However,
not all languages are equal. All languages have the same potential,
i.e., any language can be used to create and represent any meaning;
however, this doesn’t mean that it does so at a given point in time.
Languages that can be used to do more things can be considered more
developed than others. So, while we are able to use English to write
fiction and poetry, to carry out research and write legal texts, and to
communicate with people around the world, etc., we are not currently
able to perform all these functions in, say, Seraiki. This is not to say
that Seraiki cannot do all this, it can; but the language has not yet
been developed to do so. Both Seraiki and English have the same
potential, but one is currently more developed than the other in that it
can be used to do more things. It needs to be noted that the extent of a
language’s development, or lack thereof, does not imply that speakers
of one language or the other are better, smarter, or more developed — we
are all essentially the same.</p><p>Furthermore, people who speak
multiple languages, e.g., Seraiki, Urdu and English, will use these
languages in different domains: they will more likely use Seraiki at
home and in their everyday contexts; Urdu when interacting with other
Pakistanis who don’t speak Seraiki and in some educational and work
contexts; and English predominantly in educational, academic,
professional and international contexts. Thus, people who are
multilingual in Pakistan typically use different languages in different
domains.</p><p>This exemplifies that languages, because they are
differently developed and used, supplement each other (instead of being
in conflict): each one allows us to create and negotiate a different set
of meanings with different groups of people, in different contexts. All
languages and dialects in a country are equally important and need
equal recognition because they together allow us to live our lives,
where we interact with all kinds of people (locally, nationally and
internationally) and use language for all types of different purposes.
Thinking of language as an ethnic or a national entity restricts our
ability to understand it properly or to use it as a resource for
national and socioeconomic development. We need to think of language as a
semiotic resource and understand how language creates meaning and
relates to human society. By doing this, we can harness the power of
language and create a better society to live in.</p><p>In Pakistan, we
need to consider what spread of languages we have, how they function in
society, what each one of these languages is able to do for us (as
individuals and as a country) and then develop strategies that can
enable us to support all languages in a way that satisfies the
communities that speak them while at the same time giving them access to
languages of power and socioeconomic mobility. Language policy is not
just a political act; it is intrinsically bound to national and
socioeconomic development. If Pakistan continues to ignore the
importance of language policy, then language will continue to be used
for political battles rather than as a semiotic resource for
development.<em></em></p><p><em>Published in The Express Tribune, December 13<sup>th</sup>, 2015.</em></p><p><em><a href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/1008926/language-has-no-ethnicity/">http://tribune.com.pk/story/1008926/language-has-no-ethnicity/</a><br></em></p><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
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