<div dir="ltr"><div class=""> <h2 class=""> Lessons learned on minority languages </h2> <dl class=""><dt class=""><br></dt><dd class=""> By Thu Thu Aung | Friday, 12 February 2016 </dd></dl> <div class=""> <div class=""> <a class=""><span></span></a><br> </div> </div> <p><strong>After
decades of cultural suppression under military rule, ethnic minority
groups met with international experts this week to voice their calls for
<a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/opinion/18871-the-future-of-mother-tongue-education.html"><strong>multilingual education</strong></a>.</strong></p> <p><span class="" style="display:inline-block;line-height:0.5;vertical-align:top;background-color:rgb(229,231,233);text-align:left;width:500px;margin:0px"><img src="http://www.mmtimes.com/images/mte/2016/di232/ethnic-shan-children-learn-shan-literature-outside-school-hours.jpg" alt="Ethnic Shan children learn Shan literature outside school hours. Photo: Shan Literature and Culture Association, Namkham" title="Lessons learned on minority languages" style="margin: 0px;" border="0"><span class="" style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:9pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;padding:4px 8px;margin:0px">Ethnic Shan children learn Shan literature outside school hours. Photo: Shan Literature and Culture Association, Namkham</span></span></p> <p>“Burmanisation” of ethnic minority groups under the military regime has <a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/special-features/207-education-2015/14527-for-chin-dialects-a-long-road-back-to-the-classroom.html">threatened the existence</a>
of ethnic traditions and languages, with forced assimilation a
long-held grievance among Myanmar’s ethnic minority population that has
led to conflict.</p> <p>The current Myanmar-language education system is
seen as a major obstacle for equality by ethnic minority groups as it
disadvantages children who have trouble keeping up with their
Myanmar-speaking classmates. Lessons in their own native languages are
only allowed after regular classes finish.</p> <p>More than 300
academics and education, culture and language professionals met this
week at the University of Mandalay to discuss the experiences, successes
and challenges of multilingual education, language policy and social
cohesion.</p> <p>“Without the right language policy and the right
education policy, it is very difficult to see how peace will be
sustained and consolidated. If this conference can address ethnic
language policy in Myanmar, that will be a big step towards peace
building,” said Ashley South, an independent analyst and consultant.</p> <p>Ethnic representatives expressed their frustration at the <a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/opinion/12450-building-unity-one-language-at-a-time.html">lack of funding and a clear policy</a> for the development of ethnic-language education.</p> <p>“We
have maintained our literature and culture on our own, but with a lot
of difficulties and problems. We need financial support and a strong
policy from the Union government,” said Khun Min Aung, a Pa-O member of
the Ethnic Language Committee of the Kayin Literature and Culture
Organisation.</p> <p>One issue is the economy and lack of development. In Myanmar’s borderlands, many young ethnic students <a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/lifestyle/17707-ethnic-language-struggles-near-china-border.html">learn foreign languages</a> rather than their native language because of the better job opportunities in China and Thailand.</p> <p>“We
struggle to maintain our own language and culture. We want to teach
Shan language during school hours in primary schools. Now we can teach
it only after regular school hours, but students are learning Chinese
rather than Burmese or Shan, as we live near the border,” said Sai Myat
Aung, a member of the Shan Literature and Culture Organisation in Muse.</p> <p>A member of the Mon Literature and Culture Organisation said the Mon and Kayin were experiencing the same problem.</p> <p>“Business
is the main thing in people’s minds. They love their own language, but
the lack of opportunities to study it and the scarcity of job
opportunities mean that they are more interested in learning a foreign
language,” he said.</p> <p>Mon State is regarded as <a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/5155-ethnic-languages-to-return-to-govertment-schools.html">something of a success story</a> for ethnic language education, with the <a class="" href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/13452-mon-language-classes-to-launch-at-state-schools.html">Mon language taught</a>
in primary schools under a new curriculum. In more than 380 schools
where the majority of students are Mon, the Mon language has been taught
since the 2013-14 school year, according to U Min Aung Zay, a member of
the Mon Curriculum Committee.</p> <p>An earlier survey carried out by
the curriculum committee showed that more than 50,000 students at 382
government schools in the state wished to learn Mon. The Mon Education
Committee implemented the new curriculum.</p> <p>In Kayin State a
similar plan is being developed and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF) is providing help to develop the program and print materials.
Kayah-language teaching is also starting in Kayah State, where lesson
materials are being developed. UNICEF has discussed ethnic language
education in both states.</p> <p>“Some states have already introduced
national languages in the class room, but it’s not an easy process,”
said Cliff Meyers, head of education at UNICEF Myanmar.</p> <p>Marie
Lall, a professor of education and South Asian studies at UCL Institute
of Education in London, said that though native language education is
important, policy change needed to go further.</p> <p>“The first step
[to take] is allowing the ethnic mother tongue to be taught in schools
but that is not enough, because actually we need to allow children to
use their mother tongue as a medium. Myanmar still has quite a long way
to go to rectify discrimination [against minority languages],” she said.</p> <p>Drawing
comparisons to Australia where close to 300 languages are being taught,
Joseph Lo Bianco, professor of Language and Literacy Education at the
Melbourne Graduate School of Education, sees great possibilities for
ethnic-language teaching. “Multilingualism can be considered the new
literacy of the 21st century, a skill for all people,” he said. In 2011,
Mr Lo Bianco was appointed research director of a UNICEF language and
peace-building initiative across Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand.</p> <p>“We
try to do a language planning process for the whole country, which can
produce a good solution for Myanmar’s future. Every language is
important. We should cherish every language. That can bring peace and
unity,” he said.</p> <p>U Khine Mye, director general of the Department
of Myanmar Education Research under the Ministry of Education, said that
the discussions at the conference would support nationwide education
reform.</p> <p>“A high standard of literacy is essential for competing
in the labour market, for pursuing higher education, for participating
in public life as a citizen. The discussions will support nationwide
education reform for children to learn more effectively,” he said.</p> <p>An
agreed language policy draft containing principles, policy aims and
implementation plans will be submitted for approval to the government
following the Mandalay conference.</p> <p>The conference was organised
by the Ministry of Education and is part of the Language, Education and
Social Cohesion (LESC) initiative, supported by UNICEF in partnership
with the University of Melbourne.</p> </div><a href="http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/in-depth/18955-lessons-learned-on-minority-languages.html">http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/in-depth/18955-lessons-learned-on-minority-languages.html</a><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
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