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Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. South Africa: SA ?born free? students see the world through<br>
the prism of race (Harold Schiffman)<br>
2. Musicians in Kosovo fight anti-Roma prejudice (Harold Schiffman)<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2016 11:20:07 -0400<br>
From: Harold Schiffman <<a href="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com">hfsclpp@gmail.com</a>><br>
Subject: [lg policy] South Africa: SA ?born free? students see the<br>
world through the prism of race<br>
To: lp <<a href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a>><br>
Message-ID:<br>
<CAB7VSRBRCD0o3JXsiowgZeXaRJKZKyg6x8tkK4P6yTXQ30zp=<a href="mailto:A@mail.gmail.com">A@mail.gmail.com</a>><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
<br>
SA born free students see the world through the prism of race<br>
<br>
Monday 14 March 2016 07:42<br>
<br>
The Conversation<br>
<br>
White Afrikaans-speaking students and black students traded blows over the<br>
University of Pretoria s language policy. (SABC)<br>
Tags:<br>
<br>
- South Africa<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=South%20Africa" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=South%20Africa</a>><br>
- University students<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=University%20students" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=University%20students</a>><br>
- Apartheid<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Apartheid" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Apartheid</a>><br>
- Racial issues<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Racial%20issues" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Racial%20issues</a>><br>
- Race relations<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Race%20relations" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Race%20relations</a>><br>
- Student protests<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Student%20protests" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Student%20protests</a>><br>
- Racial tensions<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Racial%20tensions" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Racial%20tensions</a>><br>
- University of Pretoria<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=University%20of%20Pretoria" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=University%20of%20Pretoria</a>><br>
- Language policy<br>
<<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Language%20policy" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/wps/portal/news/main/tag?tag=Language%20policy</a>><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Joleen Steyn Kotze<br>
<<a href="http://theconversation.com/profiles/joleen-steyn-kotze-194983" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://theconversation.com/profiles/joleen-steyn-kotze-194983</a>>, *Nelson<br>
Mandela Metropolitan University<br>
<<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-metropolitan-university" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-metropolitan-university</a>>*<br>
<br>
A university rugby match degenerated into on-field brawls<br>
<<a href="http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-ufs-rugby-supporters-clash-with-student-protesters-on-field-20160223" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-ufs-rugby-supporters-clash-with-student-protesters-on-field-20160223</a>><br>
between black and white students. White Afrikaans-speaking students and<br>
black students traded blows<br>
<<a href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/racial-strife-at-tuks---pics-1988326" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/racial-strife-at-tuks---pics-1988326</a>><br>
over the University of Pretoria s language policy.<br>
<br>
Some people are astonished that this is happening nearly 22 years after the<br>
end of formal apartheid and that such clashes often involve the so-called born<br>
frees <<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34570761" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34570761</a>> young South<br>
Africans who were born after apartheid ended<br>
<<a href="http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=65-24E-6" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/unit.php?id=65-24E-6</a>> in 1994. But the<br>
country is undergoing a massive transformation. Race lies at the heart of<br>
this process, just as it lay at the heart of the apartheid state.<br>
<br>
Between 2013 and 2015 a group of colleagues from various universities and I<br>
conducted research about students views on political culture, values and<br>
voting; their perceptions of government policy and quality of life; and<br>
their impressions of race relations. All were born frees .<br>
<br>
Our key finding was that university students often fall into the single<br>
story<br>
<<a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en</a>><br>
trap: they tend to ignore the experiences of other individuals or groups<br>
when constructing an understanding of the country s political realities.<br>
<br>
Political realities are, by their nature, constructed<br>
<<a href="http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Political%20discourse%20and%20political%20cognition.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Political%20discourse%20and%20political%20cognition.pdf</a>>.<br>
In understanding the political discourse of race, then, the single story<br>
becomes salient. People construct their political knowledge based on their<br>
experiences and ideas about individuals and groups. This in turn structures<br>
group thinking or single stories around specific political issues and<br>
actions. On campuses, this would include language policy in higher<br>
education or the idea that universities must be decolonised.<br>
<br>
Our research shows that students realities are built on single stories of<br>
the racist , continued exclusion and stereotypes. Their sense of<br>
nationhood, of being one, is very fragile. Their political reality is full<br>
of contradictions: integrated, yet separated; united, yet unreconciled;<br>
free, yet oppressed; equal, yet unequal.<br>
Constructing political realities<br>
<br>
The data was gathered from about 1,500 students across faculties and<br>
disciplines at six universities. Some are historically white institutions,<br>
one catered exclusively for black students during the apartheid era and<br>
others were created during a merger process<br>
<<a href="http://www.actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/viewFile/175/172" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/viewFile/175/172</a>> in<br>
the early 2000s. Participants were all given a survey featuring both<br>
closed-ended and open-ended questions. On some campuses, these surveys were<br>
supplemented with focus groups.<br>
<br>
So what are the single stories that university students tell themselves<br>
about race?<br>
<br>
Students place a high value on democratic values like freedom, inclusion,<br>
equal rights and equal treatment. Concomitantly, there are also high levels<br>
of intolerance across racial lines based on students perceptions of other<br>
race groups access to wealth, better education, jobs and greater privilege.<br>
<br>
Across the racial board, participants told a single story of exclusion as<br>
their lived political reality. White participants said they felt excluded<br>
by the country s affirmative action policies<br>
<<a href="http://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/legislation/acts/basic-guides/basic-guide-to-affirmative-action" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/legislation/acts/basic-guides/basic-guide-to-affirmative-action</a>><br>
and measures of redress. They feel they are being excluded from the job<br>
market. They talked about reverse apartheid being directed at white South<br>
Africans.<br>
<br>
Black students talked about the country s racialised patterns of poverty<br>
and inequality, which they view as a continuation of apartheid oppression.<br>
Their political reality was one of oppression as seen through the slow pace<br>
of substantive transformation and a lack of access to quality health care,<br>
education and basic services.<br>
<br>
These single stories of exclusion and access exacerbate racial tensions.<br>
Getting along?<br>
<br>
When it came to relationships with people of different races, many students<br>
said they took hope from their own cross-racial friendships and the number<br>
of interracial romantic couples they know. They believe that non-racialism<br>
is based on the idea of tolerance. But many said that improving<br>
relationships across races would be a generational fight, as they believe<br>
that post-apartheid South Africa is built on a racist culture.<br>
<br>
Stereotypes<br>
<<a href="http://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Reports/Investigation%20into%20racial%20stereotype%20in%20th%20emedia.pdf" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Reports/Investigation%20into%20racial%20stereotype%20in%20th%20emedia.pdf</a>>,<br>
an unwillingness to interact and continued discrimination fuel racial<br>
intolerance.<br>
Moving beyond the single story<br>
<br>
As long as the single story of exclusion is the main narrative describing<br>
post-apartheid citizenship, the racial dividing line that separates South<br>
Africans will persist. A divide created by apartheid will remain at the<br>
heart of South African citizenship.<br>
[image: The Conversation]<br>
<br>
Joleen Steyn Kotze<br>
<<a href="http://theconversation.com/profiles/joleen-steyn-kotze-194983" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://theconversation.com/profiles/joleen-steyn-kotze-194983</a>>, Associate<br>
Professor of Political Science, *Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University<br>
<<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-metropolitan-university" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-metropolitan-university</a>>*<br>
<br>
This article was originally published on The Conversation<br>
<<a href="http://theconversation.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://theconversation.com</a>>. Read the original article<br>
<<a href="https://theconversation.com/south-african-born-free-students-see-the-world-through-the-prism-of-race-56085" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/south-african-born-free-students-see-the-world-through-the-prism-of-race-56085</a>><br>
.<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/1d326a004c06577c82cb8bf0bca466af/SA-born-free-students-see-the-world-through-the-prism-of-race-20160314" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/1d326a004c06577c82cb8bf0bca466af/SA-born-free-students-see-the-world-through-the-prism-of-race-20160314</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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Message: 2<br>
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2016 11:34:09 -0400<br>
From: Harold Schiffman <<a href="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com">hfsclpp@gmail.com</a>><br>
Subject: [lg policy] Musicians in Kosovo fight anti-Roma prejudice<br>
To: lp <<a href="mailto:lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu">lgpolicy-list@groups.sas.upenn.edu</a>><br>
Message-ID:<br>
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<br>
Musicians in Kosovo fight anti-Roma prejudice<br>
A Path to Progress<br>
<br>
A growing movement is using music to challenge negative perceptions of the<br>
Roma, or gypsy, community in Kosovo.<br>
By Morgan Meaker, Thomson Reuters Foundation March 11, 2016<br>
<br>
<br>
PRISTINA, Kosovo As a child, Kafu had no idea he was Roma. Growing up<br>
in Gjakova, western Kosovo, he was called "gypsy" everywhere he went.<br>
<br>
Kafu only discovered what the word Roma meant when he was in his 20s. Now<br>
30, he is part of a growing movement that is using music to challenge<br>
negative perceptions of the Roma community in Kosovo.<br>
<br>
As the front man of the band Gipsy Groove, Kafu has shaken off his own<br>
experiences of discrimination to focus on healing the divides between Roma,<br>
Albanian, and Serb communities in the Balkans.<br>
Recommended: Roma 101: Five questions answered about Europe's vilified<br>
minority<br>
<br>
The band has six members, a mixture of Albanian, Turkish, and Roma<br>
musicians. Together they blend traditional Roma music with jazz, punk, and<br>
reggae.<br>
Briefing Roma 101: Five questions answered about Europe's vilified minority<br>
Photos of the Day Photos of the weekend<br>
<br>
"As a band, we're not just doing music because we love it, but as a<br>
political statement. We want to bring the people together," Kafu told the<br>
Thomson Reuters Foundation during an interview in a bar in Pristina,<br>
Kosovo's capital.<br>
<br>
Although the Roma community suffers discrimination throughout Europe, in<br>
Kosovo where Roma make up 0.5 percent of the population, according to the<br>
CIA World Factbook there is another dimension to prejudice, a legacy of<br>
the country's 1998-99 war for independence.<br>
<br>
During the conflict, Roma were torn between the two sides, the Albanians<br>
and the Serbs. Kafu lost family members to both. But after the war, the<br>
idea spread that Roma communities had sided with the minority Serbs.<br>
<br>
For years after the war, Roma in Kosovo faced intimidation and attacks by<br>
members of the country's ethnic Albanian majority.<br>
Recommended: Roma 101: Five questions answered about Europe's vilified<br>
minority<br>
<br>
"They [Albanians] would come into our home to check we hadn't stolen<br>
anything," says Kafu. "My father was paralyzed in one of these attacks. But<br>
still I cannot hate people."<br>
<br>
It took years for the anti-Roma violence to subside. Today, distrust<br>
lingers, and the Roma in Kosovo still suffer chronic poverty, widespread<br>
discrimination, and an unemployment rate of more than 90 percent.<br>
<br>
In its 2016 world report in January, Human Rights Watch criticized Kosovo's<br>
treatment of minorities, blaming "a lack of political will, funds and<br>
cooperation between central and municipal authorities" for their<br>
marginalization.<br>
<br>
Roma children, with drums wedged between their legs, line Pristina's main<br>
street Mother Teresa Boulevard singing, distractedly, for money.<br>
<br>
Gipsy Groove's song lyrics reflect the outsider status of the country's<br>
Roma population. In one song, "Run Away," Kafu sings: "To beg for crumbs to<br>
the beat of your drum, but not be invited to the dance, in the end you are<br>
just the gypsy."<br>
<br>
Kafu believes that Gipsy Groove's concerts are the first time Roma songs<br>
have been played in public since the war. In the five years since the band<br>
formed, it has already succeeded in changing people's perceptions of the<br>
Roma community.<br>
<br>
"They're amazing, just amazing," said 19-year-old Albanian student Plator<br>
Gashi, who said he had been to every Gipsy Groove gig in Pristina. "They've<br>
made many people see that Roma are just like us; ordinary people."<br>
<br>
In January, another group of Roma musicians, the Jimmy Mustafa Band,<br>
released their first album on iTunes, with all 10 songs written in the<br>
Romany language.<br>
<br>
Guitarist Jimmy Mustafa, singer Ersad Bunjaku, and drummer Isak Osmani<br>
all in their 20s grew up together in Plemetina, a Kosovo village where a<br>
camp was set up in 1999 to shelter the Roma and other minorities displaced<br>
during or after the war.<br>
<br>
"We don't do regular Roma music," said Mustafa, who writes the band's music<br>
and lyrics. "We want to give something new to people. We combine Roma folk<br>
with a little bit of pop and rap. We are still experimenting."<br>
<br>
To make the album, the band received funding from the Hotel Gra anica,<br>
where they play every Sunday, and the Swiss Embassy, which has a budget to<br>
support minority groups.<br>
<br>
Cultural activities can unite people of different backgrounds and challenge<br>
negative stereotypes, said Anita Schl chter-Roth, the embassy's deputy head<br>
of mission, although it is just "one part of the puzzle."<br>
<br>
For Mustafa, it's important that the music carries a message. "Our track<br>
'Robert' is about the discrimination; about unemployment; about how Serbs<br>
and Albanians get jobs and Roma people don't. We want to raise awareness."<br>
<br>
Isak Skenderi, director of the NGO Vorae, which supports Kosovo's<br>
marginalized communities of Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians, helped Jimmy<br>
Mustafa apply for Swiss funding, but said there were better ways to improve<br>
Roma rights.<br>
<br>
"I don't buy the story that music can be the mechanism to change attitudes.<br>
It plays into stereotypes the stereotype that Roma people are good at<br>
music."<br>
<br>
Like many in Kosovo, Kafu is frustrated by the way his country's<br>
politicians have failed to heal ethnic divides.<br>
<br>
But he believes a nation is defined by its culture, not its politics:<br>
"Right now, artistic movements are showing the good side of Kosovo," he<br>
said.<br>
<br>
Editing by Ros Russell. This story originally appeared on the website of<br>
the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters that<br>
covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, corruption, and<br>
climate change. Visit <a href="http://www.news.trust.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.news.trust.org</a>.<br>
<a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2016/0311/Musicians-in-Kosovo-fight-anti-Roma-prejudice" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2016/0311/Musicians-in-Kosovo-fight-anti-Roma-prejudice</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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End of lgpolicy-list Digest, Vol 83, Issue 16<br>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div> </div><b><i><font face="verdana, sans-serif">R Meganathan</font></i></b><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Department of Education in Languages</font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)</font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110016</font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">Mob: 09968651815</font></div></div></div>
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