<div dir="ltr"><h1 class="" itemprop="headline">Myanmar's new govt unveils strategy for peace with ethnic groups: The Nation columnists</h1>
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<img alt="Myanmar's new Foreign Minister Aung San Suu Kyi (centre) shaking hands with military chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing (second from right) after a handover ceremony at the presidential palace in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, on March 30, 2016. " title="">
<span class="">Myanmar's
new Foreign Minister Aung San Suu Kyi (centre) shaking hands with
military chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing (second from right) after a
handover ceremony at the presidential palace in Naypyitaw, Myanmar, on
March 30, 2016. </span><span class="">PHOTO: EPA</span></div>
</div></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="">Published</div>Apr 1, 2016, 11:05 am SGT</div><div class=""><div class=""><div class="">
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<p>In recognising the centrality of ethnic affairs to socio-political
stability, the incoming Myanmar government is wisely following a path
already trodden by some of its Asean neighbours, such as the Philippines
and Singapore.</p>
<p>John Draper & Peerasit Kamnuansilpa</p>
<p>The Nation/Asia News Network</p>
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<p>Myanmar's incoming civilian government this month announced plans to introduce a Ministry for Ethnic Affairs.</p>
<p>The creation of this ministry, together with the appointment of a
Christian vice-president for this Buddhist-majority country, seems
calculated to reduce the number and severity of Myanmar's ethnic
conflicts.</p>
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<p>It coincides with a major and related Unicef-backed initiative to create a Myanmar National Language Policy (NLP).</p>
<p>Ms Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) won power
in November's elections at the expense of a slew of not just junta but
also ethnic minority regional candidates.</p>
<p>The NLD is well aware of this and also of the history of armed
conflict between the Myanmar state and ethnic minorities desiring more
autonomy, such as the Karen.</p>
<p>Hence its moves to focus on ethnic affairs.</p>
<p>The response to the planned new ministry has so far been generally
favourable, with Upper House lawmaker Je Yaw Wu, from Kachin state and
representing the National Unity Party, coming out in favour on the
grounds it is crucial for national reconciliation and addresses the
historical lobbying of ethnic lawmakers.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, only the most extreme of Myanmar's ultranationalists have
opposed the appointment of the ethnic Chin Henry Van Thio to the
vice-presidency, with the Buddhist monk-led Patriotic Association of
Myanmar not protesting the move.</p>
<p>Crucial to the success of an Ethnic Affairs Ministry are likely to be
activities supportive of a plural, federal structure, such as those of
the task force responsible for the Unicef-backed language policy, which
includes a foreign academic as facilitator together with the Myanmar
Civil Society Strengthening Programme (Pyoe Pin); the Nyein (Shalom)
Foundation, a civil peace-building movement; and the Thabyay Education
Foundation.</p>
<p>This advocacy coalition is engaged in dialogue with parliamentarians,
Education Ministry officials, and many language and culture committees
associated with diverse ethnic groups.</p>
<p>Since 2014, the task force has been operating to develop the Myanmar
NLP in close cooperation with the Education Ministry under Unicef's
"Language, Education and Social Cohesion" initiative.</p>
<p>Core legislation to support the initiative includes the Comprehensive
Education Sector Review to transform Myanmar's education system,
announced in 2013, the 2015 version of the National Education Law, and a
2015 Ethnic Rights Law.</p>
<p>Together these provide a nurturing framework for using education and the mother tongue in peace-building in Myanmar.</p>
<p>The Myanmar NLP initiative is a pragmatic attempt to address years of unresolved questions.</p>
<p>It focuses on the national and official language, international
languages and ethnic minority languages, seeking a secure role for each.
While a key aim is to contribute to peace and guarantee the language
rights of all groups, it also fosters national communication,
international economic and diplomatic links, improved standards of
literacy, and equity for communication-disabled children such as the
deaf and visually impaired.</p>
<p>This broad focus has widespread appeal and shows that a language
policy can be created to meet international obligations, promote the
national language as a cohesive factor, overcoming decades of conflict
linked to language and culture differences.</p>
<p>This appeals to a wide range of interests including those concerned
with economic and education development and subsequently enhanced life
choices for all Myanmar's citizens.</p>
<p>The initiative is labour intensive and oriented towards building
peace through dialogue between erstwhile enemies. It has involved 20
facilitated dialogues nationwide, together with several subsidiary
research projects, multiple direct consultations and site visits,
interviews, observations and professional training workshops.</p>
<p>Myanmar also held the Mandalay Conference in February, bringing
together hundreds of delegates to present papers, participate, and
consider the NLP initiative's consultation, dialogue and specialist
input phases. </p>
<p>One of the main outputs of the Mandalay conference will be the first
draft of the National Language Policy, which will consist of principles,
policy aims, and implementations plans targeted at the township level,
which will require approval from the Ethnic Affairs Ministry as well as
other government ministries and agencies.</p>
<p>The draft is due to be published later this year, followed by further
consultation and dialogue phases, with the NLP being developed along
with bottom-up state policies in Kayin, Mon and Kachin states.</p>
<p>The end result may be a flagship piece of legislation for the new
Ethnic Affairs Ministry. It may also facilitate moves towards
establishing Myanmar as a genuine federal union complete with revenue
sharing along ethnic lines, as first demanded by the country's ethnic
minorities in 1948 when the country won its independence.</p>
<p>The transition to a civilian, democratic government which is
determined to resolve ethnic differences under President Htin Kyaw was
recently welcomed by the Shan State-based Ta'ang National Liberation
Army, which is still in conflict with the Tatmadaw, the Myanmar
military, and with other armed ethnic-based groups, such as the Myanmar
National Democratic Alliance Army and the Arakan Army.</p>
<p>These groups see grounds for hope in the fact that Suu Kyi and the
NLD are directly targeting the core reasons behind decades of conflict
within Myanmar by seeking to engage with the country's ethnic minorities
and promoting factors necessary for national socio-political cohesion -
linguistic, cultural and educational human rights.</p>
<p>While the previous government did recognise the plurality of ethnic
races that exist in Myanmar - 135 according to a 1988 ruling - the
Tatmadaw frequently embraced military rather than peace-building
resolutions to Myanmar's internal conflicts.</p>
<p>Moreover, the focus on an NLP via the Mandalay Conference presents a
clear breakthrough. According to Bertrand Bainvel, Unicef representative
to Myanmar: "In countries like Myanmar, promoting and managing the
diversity of cultures, ethnicities, languages and religions, needs
thoughtful consideration to society, with the question of education and
language policy at its core."</p>
<p>In recognising the centrality of ethnic affairs to socio-political
stability, the incoming Myanmar government is wisely following a path
already trodden by some of its Asean neighbours, such as the Philippines
and Singapore.</p>
<p>It is also setting an example for other Asean countries, such as
Thailand, which is yet to address these underlying causes of conflict
despite two years of military government-mandated "reconciliation".</p><p><a href="http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/myanmars-new-govt-unveils-strategy-for-peace-with-ethnic-groups-the-nation-columnists">http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/myanmars-new-govt-unveils-strategy-for-peace-with-ethnic-groups-the-nation-columnists</a><br></p><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
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